Involutive Categories and Monoids, with a GNS-correspondence

This paper develops the basics of the theory of involutive categories and shows that such categories provide the natural setting in which to describe involutive monoids. It is shown how categories of Eilenberg-Moore algebras of involutive monads are involutive, with conjugation for modules and vector spaces as special case. The core of the so-called Gelfand-Naimark-Segal (GNS) construction is identified as a bijective correspondence between states on involutive monoids and inner products. This correspondence exists in arbritrary involutive categories

Acute mountain sickness.

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a clinical syndrome occurring in otherwise healthy normal individuals who ascend rapidly to high altitude. Symptoms develop over a period ofa few hours or days. The usual symptoms include headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, unsteadiness of gait, undue dyspnoea on moderate exertion and interrupted sleep. AMS is unrelated to physical fitness, sex or age except that young children over two years of age are unduly susceptible. One of the striking features ofAMS is the wide variation in individual susceptibility which is to some extent consistent. Some subjects never experience symptoms at any altitude while others have repeated attacks on ascending to quite modest altitudes. Rapid ascent to altitudes of 2500 to 3000m will produce symptoms in some subjects while after ascent over 23 days to 5000m most subjects will be affected, some to a marked degree. In general, the more rapid the ascent, the higher the altitude reached and the greater the physical exertion involved, the more severe AMS will be. Ifthe subjects stay at the altitude reached there is a tendency for acclimatization to occur and symptoms to remit over 1-7 days

An Analysis of the Effect of Renewable Energy Targets in the Electricity Sector on the New Zealand Gas Industry

Prepared for: Petroleum Exploration and Production Association of New Zealan

Transdisciplinary synthesis for ecosystem science, policy and management: The Australian experience

Mitigating the environmental effects of global population growth, climatic change and increasing socio-ecological complexity is a daunting challenge. To tackle this requires synthesis: the integration of disparate information to generate novel insights from heterogeneous, complex situations where there are diverse perspectives. Since 1995, a structured approach to inter-, multi- and trans-disciplinary. 11Transdisciplinary: A theory, methodology, point of view or perspective that transcends entrenched categories and engages both researchers and practitioners in formulating problems in new ways to address real-world problems (e.g. eco-health, ecosystem services). collaboration around big science questions has been supported through synthesis centres around the world. These centres are finding an expanding role due to ever-accumulating data and the need for more and better opportunities to develop transdisciplinary and holistic approaches to solve real-world problems. The Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (ACEAS <. http://www.aceas.org.au>) has been the pioneering ecosystem science synthesis centre in the Southern Hemisphere. Such centres provide analysis and synthesis opportunities for time-pressed scientists, policy-makers and managers. They provide the scientific and organisational environs for virtual and face-to-face engagement, impetus for integration, data and methodological support, and innovative ways to deliver synthesis products.We detail the contribution, role and value of synthesis using ACEAS to exemplify the capacity for synthesis centres to facilitate trans-organisational, transdisciplinary synthesis. We compare ACEAS to other international synthesis centres, and describe how it facilitated project teams and its objective of linking natural resource science to policy to management. Scientists and managers were brought together to actively collaborate in multi-institutional, cross-sectoral and transdisciplinary research on contemporary ecological problems. The teams analysed, integrated and synthesised existing data to co-develop solution-oriented publications and management recommendations that might otherwise not have been produced. We identify key outcomes of some ACEAS working groups which used synthesis to tackle important ecosystem challenges. We also examine the barriers and enablers to synthesis, so that risks can be minimised and successful outcomes maximised. We argue that synthesis centres have a crucial role in developing, communicating and using synthetic transdisciplinary research. © 2015 Elsevier B.V

Quantification et systématisation 3D du débit sanguin cérébral à partir des images tomoscintigraphiques d'un traceur de perfusion à l'équilibre (HMPAO-TC99m,ECD-TC99m)

La méthode d'analyse graphique de Patlak est une technique non invasive de quantification du débit sanguin cérébral global (DSC). Elle repose sur une modélisation bi-compartimentale qui tient compte des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des traceurs employés (ECD-TC99m, HMPAO-TC99m). Le temps de transit du traceur, à travers la membrane hémato encéphalique, est déterminé par analyse graphique des courbes activité-temps. La correction de ce paramètre permet le calcul de l'indice de perfusion cérébrale préalable au calcul du DSC global. Des mesures du DSC global effectuées sur des cas cliniques montrent une forte corrélation entre les valeurs du DSC mesurées en intra- et inter-observateurs. En revanche, l'analyse des résultats expérimentaux relatifs à la quantification du DSC régional par tracé de régions d'intérêt (ROIs) sur des coupes TEMP de perfusion, met en évidence les limites de cette technique, en particulier pour les mesures inter observateurs et dans les cas pathologiques. Les paramètres engendrant cette variabilité sont : le choix des coupes planaires représentant la structure neuro-anatomique à étudier, l'épaisseur de ces coupes, ainsi que la taille des ROIs tracées. Il découle de ces tests expérimentaux qu'une approche volumique par recalage automatique d'un atlas cérébral représentant les structures à analyser constituerait la solution à ce problème. Ceci a fait l'objet de la deuxième partie de notre travail qui a consisté à caractériser automatiquement la variation du DSC dans des ROIs définies par recalage des images TEMP de perfusion et un modèle conceptuel de la systématisation vasculaire cérébrale conçu au sein de notre laboratoire. Cette approche de systématisation et de quantification automatique de la perfusion cérébrale a été testée sur une vingtaine de patients. Les résultats qui en ont découlé montrent l'efficacité de la technique et son utilité potentielle en routine clinique.In routine clinical studies it is certainly helpful to use non-invasive and simple techniques, to evaluate quantitatively the mean cerebral blood flow (CBF). Patlak graphical analysis approach, using intravenous radionuclide angiography with 99mTC-ECD or 99m TC-HMPAO, is a method witch does not require the determination of a specific compartment model, and based, only, on the evaluation of the unidirectional influx constant of the tracer across the blood brain barrier. The brain perfusion index, required to estimate the mean CBF, is calculated by standardisation of this influx rates value. The intra and inter observer variability studies indicates high reproducibility of this technique. However, after applying Lassen's correction algorithm to quantify SPECT images, the evaluation of regional CBF (rCBF) with conventional ROIs setting showed significant variability especially in inter-observer and for the pathological cases. This variability is due to many parameters like ROIs sizes, images selection and/or thickness, etc. To perform more precise results and less variability of cerebral perfusion quantification we have developed an original approach by constructing a 3D atlas of the systematisation of the brain vascularisation. This template is deformed to match rCBF SPECT volume. This process allows automatic characterisation of rCBF variation into vascular cerebral territories. In order to validate this technique, we examined the rCBF values of 26 patients with various cerebrovascular diseases. The results obtained from this experimentation showed that this technique is suitable for automatic quantification and systematisation of CBF in clinical routine.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Transdisciplinary synthesis for ecosystem science, policy and management: The Australian experience

Mitigating the environmental effects of global population growth, climatic change and increasing socio-ecological complexity is a daunting challenge. To tackle this requires synthesis: the integration of disparate information to generate novel insights from heterogeneous, complex situations where there are diverse perspectives. Since 1995, a structured approach to inter-, multi- and trans-disciplinary. 1 1Transdisciplinary: A theory, methodology, point of view or perspective that transcends entrenched categories and engages both researchers and practitioners in formulating problems in new ways to address real-world problems (e.g. eco-health, ecosystem services). collaboration around big science questions has been supported through synthesis centres around the world. These centres are finding an expanding role due to ever-accumulating data and the need for more and better opportunities to develop transdisciplinary and holistic approaches to solve real-world problems. The Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (ACEAS ) has been the pioneering ecosystem science synthesis centre in the Southern Hemisphere. Such centres provide analysis and synthesis opportunities for time-pressed scientists, policy-makers and managers. They provide the scientific and organisational environs for virtual and face-to-face engagement, impetus for integration, data and methodological support, and innovative ways to deliver synthesis products.We detail the contribution, role and value of synthesis using ACEAS to exemplify the capacity for synthesis centres to facilitate trans-organisational, transdisciplinary synthesis. We compare ACEAS to other international synthesis centres, and describe how it facilitated project teams and its objective of linking natural resource science to policy to management. Scientists and managers were brought together to actively collaborate in multi-institutional, cross-sectoral and transdisciplinary research on contemporary ecological problems. The teams analysed, integrated and synthesised existing data to co-develop solution-oriented publications and management recommendations that might otherwise not have been produced. We identify key outcomes of some ACEAS working groups which used synthesis to tackle important ecosystem challenges. We also examine the barriers and enablers to synthesis, so that risks can be minimised and successful outcomes maximised. We argue that synthesis centres have a crucial role in developing, communicating and using synthetic transdisciplinary research

Transdisciplinary synthesis for ecosystem science, policy and management : the Australian experience

Mitigating the environmental effects of global population growth, climatic change and increasing socio-ecological complexity is a daunting challenge. To tackle this requires synthesis: the integration of disparate information to generate novel insights from heterogeneous, complex situations where there are diverse perspectives. Since 1995, a structured approach to inter-, multi- and trans-disciplinary collaboration around big science questions has been supported through synthesis centres around the world. These centres are finding an expanding role due to ever-accumulating data and the need for more and better opportunities to develop transdisciplinary and holistic approaches to solve real-world problems. The Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (ACEAS http://www.aceas.org.au) has been the pioneering ecosystem science synthesis centre in the Southern Hemisphere. Such centres provide analysis and synthesis opportunities for time-pressed scientists, policy-makers and managers. They provide the scientific and organisational environs for virtual and face-to-face engagement, impetus for integration, data and methodological support, and innovative ways to deliver synthesis products. We detail the contribution, role and value of synthesis using ACEAS to exemplify the capacity for synthesis centres to facilitate trans-organisational, transdisciplinary synthesis. We compare ACEAS to other international synthesis centres, and describe how it facilitated project teams and its objective of linking natural resource science to policy to management. Scientists and managers were brought together to actively collaborate in multi-institutional, cross-sectoral and transdisciplinary research on contemporary ecological problems. The teams analysed, integrated and synthesised existing data to co-develop solution-oriented publications and management recommendations that might otherwise not have been produced. We identify key outcomes of some ACEAS working groups which used synthesis to tackle important ecosystem challenges. We also examine the barriers and enablers to synthesis, so that risks can be minimised and successful outcomes maximised. We argue that synthesis centres have a crucial role in developing, communicating and using synthetic transdisciplinary research.12 page(s