Antibacterial activity and proximate analysis of Sargassum extracts as cosmetic additives in a moisturizer cream

Indonesia is known for its marine biodiversity, including the richness of its brown seaweed, Sargassum. This genus has attracted many attention as it produces active compounds showing potential for the food, pharmacology and cosmetic industries. In this study, a mixture of S. duplicatum, S. echinocarpum and S. polycystum extracts was applied as an additive in a moisturizer cream serving as an antibacterial agent. Proximate analysis was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition in Sargassum spp. There were 5 moisturizer creams prepared: A (standard), B (without antibacterial agent), C (with antibacterial agent), D (with Sargassum extracts and antibacterial agent) and E (with Sargassum extracts but without antibacterial agent). Antibacterial analyses showed that cream E had the best antibacterial activity in this study. It indicates that the crude extract of Sargassum added in the cream could inhibit the development of bacteria for a longer period of time. Bioactive compounds contained in S. duplicatum, S. echinocarpum, S. polycystum are steroids, quinones, flavonoids and alkaloids. Saponins were only found in S. duplicatum. The five cosmetic creams presented adequate odor and color. These results indicate that Sargassum shows a promising potential as a cosmetic additive that could replace commercial antibacterial agents

Bacterial isolates from bryozoanPleurocodonellina sp.: Diversity and antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria

There isan urgent need to discover new compounds with antibacterial activity, which can be developed into lead structures for the treatment of human disease caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study, we focussed on bryozoan-associated bacteria to screen them toward antibacterial activities, since the microbiome of these organisms can still be regarded as under-investigated. Most of the few publications about bryozoan-associated bacteria focused on taxonomy and the potential as producers of antibacterial natural products were neglected. Four specimens of bryozoan Pleurocodonellina sp. were collected from Teluk Awur, Jepara inJava Sea, Indonesia. Therefrom, 56 bacterial strains were isolated, and 17 displayed antibacterial activitiesagainst MDR bacteria Pseudomonas aruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Taxonomic identification of the bacteria by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed them belonging to the genera Virgibacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Halomonas, and Bacillus. Most interestingly, the genus Virgibacillus was dominantly obtained from the Pleurocodonellina sp. specimens, i.e., 12 active isolates. Nevertheless, the best activities against MDR bacteria(both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) were contributed to isolates showing >99% identity to Pseudoalteromonas. The results further suggest adding the genus Virgibacillus as bacteria associated with bryozoan, since to the best of our knowledge there were no reports of this genus isolated from bryozoan

Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activities of Polysaccharides Extracted from Four Tropical Seaweed Species

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Bioactivity of Secondary Metabolites from Macroalgae

International audienceIn intertidal ecosystem, biotic (reproduction stage, algal growth, herbivory, epiphytism, fouling…) and abiotic (temperature, salinity, UV…) parameters are known to affect the algal species repartition. In response to this stresses, seaweeds are known to possess different chemical defense mechanisms by secondary metabolites production. The aim of this chapter is to understand coastal constraints and to present chemical defense strategies used by seaweeds

Skin Microbiota and Cosmetics Influence

ermatological and cosmetics fields have recently started to focus on the human skin microbiome and microbiota, since the skin microbiota is involved in the health and dysbiosis of the skin ecosystem. Amongst the skin microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, both commensal bacteria, appear as skin microbiota sentinels. These sentinels have a key role in the skin ecosystem since they protect and prevent microbiota disequilibrium by fighting pathogens and participate in skin homeostasis through the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. These bacteria adapt to changing skin microenvironments and can shift to being opportunistic pathogens, forming biofilms, and thus are involved in common skin dysbiosis, such as acne or atopic dermatitis

Skin Microbiota and Cosmetics Influence

ermatological and cosmetics fields have recently started to focus on the human skin microbiome and microbiota, since the skin microbiota is involved in the health and dysbiosis of the skin ecosystem. Amongst the skin microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, both commensal bacteria, appear as skin microbiota sentinels. These sentinels have a key role in the skin ecosystem since they protect and prevent microbiota disequilibrium by fighting pathogens and participate in skin homeostasis through the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. These bacteria adapt to changing skin microenvironments and can shift to being opportunistic pathogens, forming biofilms, and thus are involved in common skin dysbiosis, such as acne or atopic dermatitis

Skin Microbiota and Cosmetics Influence

ermatological and cosmetics fields have recently started to focus on the human skin microbiome and microbiota, since the skin microbiota is involved in the health and dysbiosis of the skin ecosystem. Amongst the skin microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, both commensal bacteria, appear as skin microbiota sentinels. These sentinels have a key role in the skin ecosystem since they protect and prevent microbiota disequilibrium by fighting pathogens and participate in skin homeostasis through the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. These bacteria adapt to changing skin microenvironments and can shift to being opportunistic pathogens, forming biofilms, and thus are involved in common skin dysbiosis, such as acne or atopic dermatitis

Response Surface Methodology for Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Water-Soluble Antiviral Compounds from the Proliferative Macroalga Solieriachordalis

International audienceMacroalgal blooms frequently occur in France. On a part of the coastline, these algal blooms are mainly composed of red seaweeds like Solieria chordalis and constitute an unexploited significant natural biomass. In this study, active compounds from Solieria chordalis were extracted and evaluated as a potential source of natural antivirals, coupling biotechnological development with economic and ecological benefits. In order to extract in water the highest quantity of potential active compounds, a sustainable process was developed, namely the enzymeassisted extraction. The quantity of water-soluble compounds increased by 30% after the addition of enzymes, in comparison with an aqueous extraction. The optimization of conditions using a response surface methodology improved the yield and allowed to study the influence of different extraction parameters simultaneously, notably the nature and the quantity of enzymes, the temperature and the time of extraction. This latter parameter was themost influent on extraction yield with the nature of the enzyme. The best antiherpetic activity was obtained with the extract after the action of a type of proteases with an EC50 of 86.0 μg.mL-1. Moreover, a positive correlation between sulfated polysaccharides and the antiviral activity of extracts was demonstrated. For the first time, soft biotechnology with enzymes using surface response methodology has been performed in order to obtain water-soluble antiviral extracts from the red proliferative seaweed Solieria chordalis

Cinnamomum cassia and Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oils Reduce the Colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in an In Vivo Infection Model Using Caenorhabditis elegans

International audienceThe regulation of intestinal colonization in livestock by means of non-bactericidal additives is an important management lever for zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. Caenorhabditis elegans is proposed here as a model for the evaluation of five essential oils (EOs) as anti-colonization products against Salmonella Typhimurium. An evaluation of the toxicity of EOs for C. elegans showed LD50 values ranging from 74.5 ± 9.6 µg/mL for Cinnamomum cassia (CEO) to 271.6 ± 14.9 µg/mL for Syzygium aromaticum (SyEO). Both EOs significantly inhibited bacterial colonization in the digestive tract of C. elegans with reductions of 0.88 and 0.70 log CFU/nematode at nontoxic concentrations of 50 µg/mL and 150 µg/mL, respectively. With the minimal bactericidal concentrations of CEO and SyEO against S. Typhimurium being 312.5 µg/mL and 625 µg/mL, respectively, an antibacterial effect can be excluded to explain the inhibition of the bacterial load. The anti-colonizing activity of these two EOs could, however, be related to an inhibition of the swimming motility, which was significantly reduced by 23.47% for CEO at 50 µg/mL and 19.56% for SyEO at 150 µg/mL. This study shows the potential of C. elegans as a predictive in vivo model of anti-colonizing activities that is suitable for the evaluation of essential oils