Yöresel Organik Ürünlerde Üretim ve Pazarlama Problemleri

Tarımsal ürün üretim sistemlerinde kimyasal girdi kullanılmadan, tamamen doğal girdilerle yapılan ürün yetiştiriciliği organik tarım olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Artan nüfusa paralel olarak ortaya çıkabilecek gıda açığına karşı tarımsal üretimi artırmaya yönelik çeşitli uygulamalar yapılmış ve önemli gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Sağlıklı beslenme ve çevre sağlığı açısından oldukça önemli bir uygulama olan organik tarım üretim modeli ülkemizin birçok kırsal kesiminde yerine getirilmesine rağmen tarımsal üretimle uğraşan kişiler bu önemli ürünlerden yeterince kazanç elde edememektedirler. Bu durumun en önemli sebepleri üreticilerin ürettikleri ürün konusunda yeterince bilgi sahibi olmamaları ile ilişkili olarak üretim, işleme ve paketleme yöntemlerinin ürün kalitesi ve sağlığına uygun bir şekilde düzenlenememesi ile pazarlama imkânlarından yeterince faydalanamama gibi durumlardır. Organik tarımsal üretim açısından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olan yöresel ürünlerin uygun yöntemlerle üretilip işlenerek daha sağlıklı şartlarda tüketicilere sunulmalarının sağlanması durumunda kırsal kesimdeki tarımsal ürün yetiştiricilerinin elde edecekleri gelirde artış sağlanabileceği gibi insan ve çevre sağlığına da önemli katkılar sağlanacaktır

Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth in Developing Countries

Abstract There has been a growing interest in examining the relationship between income and health expenditures. Although there are differences in the economic structure and health expenditures of the countries in the panel, there is a tendency for an increase in both per capita gross domestic product and health expenditures for all. Therefore, a modified version of the Granger (1969) causality test proposed b

Analyzing Factors Affecting Tax Morale Levels in Turkey Using Alternative Ordered Response Models

The concept of tax morale is introduced to measure the reason of paying taxes by subjects. The main objective of this paper is twofold. Firstly, the present paper examines potential factors that may influence the degree of tax morale in Turkey. Secondly, the paper aims to determine the best model to explain the determinants of the degree of tax morale by a comparison of alternative ordered response models. For these purposes, a written-questionnaire was administered to 943 subjects in three cities of northern Turkey, namely, Erzurum, Erzincan, and Bayburt. Standard ordered probit (OPROBIT) and alternative ordered response models including generalized ordered logit model (GOLOGIT), partial proportional odds (PPO) model and heteroskedastic ordered logit (HOLOGIT) model were performed to determine the best model fit. Results reveal that marital status, monthly income, and operation time were positively correlated with higher degrees of tax morale. The empirical findings also indicated that higher educated subjects were more likely to have lower degrees of tax morale. Tax amnesty, higher tax load, tax system, tax policies, previous negative experiences, and efficient use of public expenditures were found to have statistically significant impact on the degree of tax morale among subject

Testosterone- and Cortisol-Secreting Adrenocortical Oncocytoma: An Unusual Cause of Hirsutism

Objective. Oncocytomas of the adrenal cortex are usually benign and nonfunctional. They are rarely seen as the cause of hirsutism. Therefore, we aimed to report a case of adrenocortical oncocytoma presenting with hirsutism. Methods. We report a testosterone- and cortisol-secreting adrenal oncocytoma in a 23-year-old female patient presenting with hirsutism. Results. The patient had the complaint of hirsutism for the last year. Laboratory tests revealed total testosterone level of 4.2 ng/mL, free testosterone of >100 pg/mL, and DHEAS level of 574 µg/dL. There was no suppression in cortisol levels with 2 mg dexamethasone suppression test (5.4 µg/dL). Adrenal MRI revealed a 27×25 mm isointense solid mass lesion in the left adrenal gland and the patient underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign adrenocortical oncoyctoma. Conclusion. This well-characterized case describes a testosterone- and cortisol-secreting adrenocortical oncocytoma as a possible cause of hirsutism. To our knowledge, this is the second report in the literature. Adrenal oncocytomas should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of hirsutism

Fabrication of three-dimensional PCL/BiFeO3 scaffolds for biomedical applications

© 2020 Elsevier B.V.The aim of this study is to examine the pH effect on bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) properties and observe the BiFeO3 behaviour in the polycaprolactone (PCL). In this paper, BiFeO3 was synthesized via co-precipitation method at three different pH values (10.64, 11.32, and 11.58). These produced particles were added into the 25wt.%PCL solutions separately to get the scaffolds using a 3D printing process. Crystallite sizes were determined from the Debye-Scherer formula using XRD. With different pH values, crystal sizes were found as 15, 12, and 10 nm and particle sizes determined from SEM were 142, 134, and 111.39 nm for 10.64, 11.32, and 11.58, respectively. The adenocarcinoma lung cancer cell (A549) adhesion on the scaffolds revealed that cells could attach to the scaffolds. Maximum dielectric constant values were obtained for the pellets and scaffolds as 10.37 nF and 6.16 nF for the pellet BiFeO3 (pH = 11.58) and the scaffold 25wt.%PCL/2wt.%BiFeO3 (pH = 11.58), respectively