Relationship between body temperature and air temperature in stridulating male crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

Body temperatures of singing male Gryllus bimaculatus were measured for the first time. Body temperatures were strongly correlated with ambient temperature. This indicates that, unlike some other orthopterans, larger crickets are not dependent on an elevated body temperature for efficient calling. Our results confirm that it is reasonable to use ambient temperature as an approximation of body temperature in behavioural and bio- acoustic studies

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a group of urban South African blacks

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was determined in 479 urbanised South African blacks (141 men and 338 women) of Zulu descent selected by cluster sampling in a suburb of Durban.All subjects underwent a modified glucose tolerance test whereby fasting and 2-hour postglucose (75 g) plasma glucose levels were measured. On the basis of the revised World Health Organisation criteria, the overall prevalence of diabetes was 4,2% and of IGT 6,9%; the age- and sex-adjusted prevalences were 5,3% and 7,7% respectively.Diabetes mellitus was more common in women (5,2% v. 2,3%), while the reverse was true of IGT (5,5% v. 11,5%). The mean age-adjusted body mass indices (BMIs) of diabetic (31,3 ± 1,9) and IGT (29,7 ± 1,9) subjects were significantly higher than those of the group with normal glucose tolerance (28 ± 0,5). Female subjects with all types of glucose tolerance had significantly higher mean BMIs than men.There was a significant correlation between BMI and both fasting glucose (r = 0,16; P = 0,0039) and 2-hour plasma levels (r =0,15; P =0,0065) in the women, while in men only the fasting levels showed such a relationship (r =0,21; P = 0,01719)

The Health Belief Model Applied to Understanding Diabetes Regimen Compliance

Inadequate adherence to prescribed treatment plans is perhaps the most serious obstacle to achieving success ful therapeutic outcomes, and non compliance by diabetic patients is no exception. This is partly based on pa tients' realization that compliance does not necessarily result in lack of illness. A psychosocial framework for under standing patient compliance is the Health Belief Model, which is based upon the value an individual places on the identified goal and the likelihood that compliance will achieve that goal. This Model has been useful to explain noncompliance, to make an "educa tional diagnosis," and for designing compliance-enhancing interventions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68410/2/10.1177_014572178501100108.pd

A linear radiofrequency ion trap for accumulation, bunching, and emittance improvement of radioactive ion beams

An ion beam cooler and buncher has been developed for the manipulation of radioactive ion beams. The gas-filled linear radiofrequency ion trap system is installed at the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. Its purpose is to accumulate the 60-keV continuous ISOLDE ion beam with high efficiency and to convert it into low-energy low-emittance ion pulses. The efficiency was found to exceed 10% in agreement with simulations. A more than 10-fold reduction of the ISOLDE beam emittance can be achieved. The system has been used successfully for first on-line experiments. Its principle, setup and performance will be discussed

Sugars of pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] grains

The sugars in the grains of nine pearl millet cultivars were fractionated through a Biogel column. Five different sugars‘(stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) were identified. Sucrose was predominant in all the cultivars. Raffinose content was high as compared to other cereals, and maltose was absen

Neutron charge form factor at large q2q^2

The neutron charge form factor $G_{En}(q)$ is determined from an analysis of the deuteron quadrupole form factor $F_{C2}$ data. Recent calculations, based on a variety of different model interactions and currents, indicate that the contributions associated with the uncertain two-body operators of shorter range are relatively small for $F_{C2}$, even at large momentum transfer $q$. Hence, $G_{En}(q)$ can be extracted from $F_{C2}$ at large $q^2$ without undue systematic uncertainties from theory.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Constraints on Exotic Mixing of Three Neutrinos

Exotic explanations are considered for atmospheric neutrino observations. Our analysis includes matter effects and the mixing of all three neutrinos under the simplifying assumption of only one relevant mixing scale. Constraints from accelerator, reactor and solar neutrinos are included. We find that the proposed mixing mechanisms based on violations of Lorentz invariance or on violations of the equivalence principle cannot explain the recent observations of atmospheric neutrino mixing. However the data still allow a wide range of energy dependences for the vacuum mixing scale, and also allow large electron-neutrino mixing of atmospheric neutrinos. Next generation long baseline experiments will constrain these possibilities.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figure