Outcrossing rate of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes under the agro climatic conditions of Northern Germany

Safflower oil is considered to be one of the highest quality vegetable oils for human nutrition, containing up to 90% linoleic acid. The cultivation of safflower would enlarge the number of species to increase biodiversity and widen crop rotation. Very little effort on safflower breeding has been done in Germany. The knowledge of the pollination system is a prerequisite of efficiently designing future breeding programmes. The cross pollination rate between and within plots was investigated in Göttingen (Latitude: 51° 32' North and Longitude: 9° 57' East ) in 2004 and 2005. A plot of 10 m2 of non-spiny plants was surrounded by plots of spiny plants. Ten nonspiny plants each of the border rows and of the core were harvested individually. The rate of cross pollination was calculated as the ratio of spiny to non-spiny offsprings. The average cross pollination was 6.5% (core), 9.7% (border no.1) and 18.1% (border no. 2). In a second experiment the rate of cross pollination within plots was estimated from non-spiny plants grown in mixture with spiny plants. The outcrossing rate was about 63% in 2004, but about 30% in 2005. Isolating or covering flowers by bags or cloth should be considered in pedigree breeding

Response functions as quantifiers of non-Markovianity

Quantum non-Markovianity is crucially related to the study of dynamical maps, which are usually derived for initially factorized system-bath states. We here demonstrate that linear response theory also provides a way to derive dynamical maps, but for initially correlated (and in general entangled) states. Importantly, these maps are always time-translational invariant and allow for a much simpler quantification of non-Markovianity compared to previous approaches. We apply our theory to the Caldeira-Leggett model, for which our quantifier is valid beyond linear response and can be expressed analytically. We find that a classical Brownian particle coupled to an Ohmic bath can already exhibit non-Markovian behaviour, a phenomenon related to the initial state preparation procedure. Furthermore, for a peaked spectral density we demonstrate that there is no monotonic relation between our quantifier and the system-bath coupling strength, the sharpness of the peak or the resonance frequency in the bath.Comment: Updated version with additional information. 5 + 5 pages incl. 2 figures. Comments are welcom

開発の評価において人権の視点を取り込むには-ミャンマーでの人身取引に反対するプロジェクトを事例として-

早大学位記番号:新7609早稲田大

Der Einfluss des Markenwertes auf die Unternehmensperformance

Starke Marken sind das Resultat kalibrierter Markenführung und substantieller Investitionen. Für ihre Besitzer stellen sie wichtige Ressourcen dar, die nicht imitiert werden können. Der Beitrag von Marken zum Unternehmenswert wird häufig und durchaus auch kontrovers diskutiert. Anhand öffentlich verfügbarer Sekundärdaten zeigen wir, dass sich der Markenwert positiv auf die Unternehmensperformance auswirkt. Dementsprechend haben wir die Markenwertschätzungen von Interbrand in einem Zeitraum von fünf Jahren und deren Einfluss auf die Unternehmensperformance - gemessen durch Tobins Q - untersucht. In unserer Studie dokumentieren wir die Rolle der Marke als wichtigen Treiber des Unternehmenswerts und geben Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis

Tauschringe und Nachhaltigkeit

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Züchtung von Saflor für den ökologischen Landbau

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yields valuable oil for human consumption be-cause of its high amount of linoleic acid. A large demand exists for this oil, but there is no organic production in Germany. The main objective of this research is to compare different methods of selection, to develop a simple non-destructive method for analyz-ing seed constituents such as oil content, and to develop lines with increased oil content and higher disease resistance

Practicing Emotionally Biased Retrieval Affects Mood and Establishes Biased Recall a Week Later

Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) can yield clinically relevant results. Only few studies have directly manipulated memory bias, which is prominent in depression. In a new approach to CBM, we sought to simulate or oppose ruminative processes by training the retrieval of negative or positive words. Participants studied positive and negative word pairs (Swahili cues with Dutch translations). In the positive and negative conditions, each of the three study trials was followed by a cued-recall test of training-congruent translations; a no-practice condition merely studied the pairs. Recall of the translations was tested after the training and after 1 week. Both recall tests revealed evidence of training-congruent bias and bias was associated with emotional autobiographical memory. Positive retrieval practice yielded stable positive mood, in contrast to the other conditions. The results indicate that memory bias can be established through retrieval practice and that the bias transfers to mood and autobiographical memory

Relationships among different geographical groups, agro-morphology, fatty acid composition and RAPD marker diversity in Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius )

Patterns of geographical diversity, and the relationship between agro-morphological traits and fatty acid composition were assessed for 193 safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) accessions representing forty countries. Accessions were assigned to eight groups based on geographical proximity. Cluster and Principal Component analyses were performed to assess patterns of diversity among the accessions and to select the most distant accessions from each of eight groups for analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. There was a large amount of diversity for agro-morphological traits, fatty acid composition, and RAPD markers. Most correlations among different traits were rather low. Plant height showed a positive correlation with days to flowering (r=0.63**). Palmitic acid was positively correlated with stearic acid and oleic acid values, and negatively correlated with linoleic acid (P<0.01). Oleic acid and linoleic acid showed a strong negative correlation (r=−0.89**). The first three principal components together explained 59% of the variation, however, neither principal component analysis (PCA) nor marker analysis revealed a clear relationship between diversity pattern and geographical origin. Accessions from some geographical regions tended to group together, such as accessions from South Western Asia, Central Western Europe, and the Mediterranean region. The correlation between the morphological matrix and the genetic matrix based on RAPD markers was not significant (r=0.027). Wide diversity in safflower germplasm indicates a considerable potential for improving this crop for both agronomic and quality trait

Streifenbearbeitung und umweltverträgliche Gülleausbringung im Mais

Im Rahmen der Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) in Hessen wurden im Jahr 2014 Demonstrationsflächen zum Strip-Till-Verfahren bei Silomais angelegt. Dabei wurde die betriebsübliche Bewirtschaftung mit der Strip-Till-Technik verglichen. Auf den beobachteten Flächen zeigten die Strip-Till-Bestände im Vergleich zu den betriebsüblichen Varianten eine langsamere Jugendentwicklung und uneinheitlichere Bestände, holten diesen Rückstand aber bis zur Ernte auf. Zur Ernte waren FM-Erträge zwischen den Varianten annähernd gleich. Bei beiden Varianten bestand ein Einsparpotenzial bei der N-Düngung, da die Pflanzen sehr gut mit N versorgt und die Nachernte-Nmin-Werte relativ hoch waren

Correction : Functionalisable acyclic cucurbiturils

The authors regret that in the introduction an important reference was omitted that reported another strategy to access functionalised acyclic cucurbiturils. The additional reference is given below. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers