Complexity-reduction by first-order approximation of non-linear kinetics

Ecological, toxicological, and pharmacological research is often concerned with the answer to the question of how a substance is processed within a biological system. The exact knowledge of the corresponding kinetic pattern forms the basis for a useful answer. In order to identify non-linear kinetics, a first-order approximation method is proposed for complexity-reduction. A simulation study is presented to investigate the error of the approximation in case of a simple Michaelis-Menten kinetic process. The proposed method shows to give useful results which allow to characterize the underlying kinetic pattern. Furthermore it could be shown that in simulating kinetic processes the applied numerical methods may perform with considerable numerical instabilities

Complexity-reduction by first-order approximation of non-linear kinetics

Ecological, toxicological, and pharmacological research is often concerned with the answer to the question of how a substance is processed within a biological system. The exact knowledge of the corresponding kinetic pattern forms the basis for a useful answer. In order to identify non-linear kinetics, a first-order approximation method is proposed for complexity-reduction. A simulation study is presented to investigate the error of the approximation in case of a simple Michaelis-Menten kinetic process. The proposed method shows to give useful results which allow to characterize the underlying kinetic pattern. Furthermore it could be shown that in simulating kinetic processes the applied numerical methods may perform with considerable numerical instabilities

Heimliche Heldinnen in der Chancenfalle: Weibliche Erwerbsarbeit im Strukturwandel der Gesundheitswirtschaft

Strukturwandel der Gesundheitswirtschaft und Frauenerwerbsarbeit - dieser Zusammenhang eröffnet häufig Chancen für weibliche Erwerbsarbeit, birgt zugleich jedoch das Risiko neuer "Fallen". Frauenerwerbsarbeit in der Gesundheitswirtschaft stellt sich häufig weder "typisch" noch "normal" dar. Besondere Risiken bestehen in der Kombination von Helferqualifikationen, atypischer Beschäftigung und geringen Lohnzuwächsen bei Höherqualifizierung. Etablierte Berufsbilder verlieren im Strukturwandel derzeit an Attraktivität, während neue Kompetenzen und Qualifikationsprofile sich ihre Arbeitsfelder in der Praxis noch erobern müssen. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine arbeitspolitische Wende in der regionalen Strukturpolitik und Wirtschaftsförderung. Diese hat sich lange Zeit auf Strategien zur Förderung kapital- und technologieorientierter Felder der Gesundheitswirtschaft konzentriert, künftig wird es stärker um Arbeit und Arbeitsgestaltung gehen

Teilzeitarbeit in Gesundheit und Pflege: Profile aus Perspektive der Beschäftigten im Branchen- und Berufsvergleich

Als eine Möglichkeit zur Abfederung des Fachkräftemangels in der Pflege wird die Erhöhung der Arbeitszeitvolumina von Teilzeitbeschäftigten über eine Aufstockung von Teilzeitstellen diskutiert. Einen Beitrag zur Auslotung der Kapazitäten für eine Aufstockung von Teilzeitstellen kann die Analyse der persönlichen Interessen und Motivationen von Pflegekräften anhand selbstberichteter Einschätzungen und Präferenzen zu Arbeitsbedingungen und Arbeitszeiten sowie der Gründe für die Ausübung von Teilzeitstellen leisten. Eine Auswertung anhand von Daten des Lohn-Spiegels zeigte, dass sich im Vergleich mit anderen Berufen und Branchen vielfach strukturelle Ungleichheiten sowie Belastungen in Pflegeberufen aufzeigen lassen, die den Wunsch nach Teilzeitarbeit prägen können. Inwiefern eine Aufwertung von Teilzeitarbeit in der Pflege gelingen kann, hängt maßgeblich davon ab, ob es gelingt Arbeitsbedingungen zu schaffen, die einen Rückzug in die Teilzeitarbeit verhindern

Método de determinación en laboratorio de retención de creosota en muestras de eucaliptus impregnados

Se realizaron ensayos para determinar la retención de creosota en albura de eucaliptus viminalis y saligna, utilizando la Norma ASTM-D-1 860 y algunas variantes de la misma. Se concluye que: la desviación normal estimada de las determinaciones (precisión) es de aproximadamente 1 % la diferencia entre los resultados obtenidos en tres laboratorios (reproducibilidad) es de aproximadamente 1 % la diferencia entre los valores obtenidos sobre pastillas cortadas de tarugos de 15 mm de diámetro y 2 cm de largo, y valores obtenidos sobre muestras de astillas tomadas de los 2 cm de corona exterior de tortas cortadas de los mismos postes es de 16 %, con desviación normal de 2 % la diferencia entre los valores de retención obtenidos luego de 7-8 meses de impregnación y los valores originales es de aproximadamente 1 %.A series of creosote retention tests on sapwood of eu- caliptus viminalis and e. saligna were performed by using the standard ASTM-D-1 860 and some varying of it. Conclusions are obtained as follows: the estimated standard deviation of the determinations (precision) is about 1 %; the difference detected between results obtained in three laboratories (reproducibility) is about 1 % the difference detected in values obtained on samples made up by tablets obtained from cores of 15 cm of diameter and of 2 cm lenght, and those* obtained from samples made up by chips taken off the outer 2 cm zone from 30 cm specimens cutted from the aforesaid poles is of 16 % with a standard deviation of 22 %; the difference between the retention values obtained after 6 or 8 months of impregnation and the original values, is about 1 %

Ohio Conservation Plan: Plains gartersnake, Thamnophis radix

This plan outlines strategies and methods used in an ongoing study initiated in 1999 to restore a selfsustaining population of the Plains gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) in Ohio. Restoring a self-sustaining population would require increases in the current population to where the ratios of T. radix to T. sirtalis are approximately 1:1 in multiple locations in Killdeer Plains Wildlife Area (KPWA). This ratio would be similar to what was seen earlier by Reichenbach and Dalrymple (1986) at one site in KPWA. The plan was developed by a team of enthusiastic conservationists representing, the Division of Wildlife (ODW), the Columbus and Cleveland Zoos, Westerville North High School Field Study Class, Liberty University, Northern Illinois University, and the University of Tennessee. A thorough review of the plan will be made in 2012 with revisions and updates as needed

Frequency distribution of hexamethylenetetramine crystals

The energy distribution of neutrons inelastically scattered from hexamethylenetetramine powder at 80° and 300°K is given. Features of the scattering curve are described and interpreted in the light of a simple model of the lattice vibration spectrum

Neutron inelastic scattering studies of globular compounds

The use of neutron inelastic scattering measurements to determine the nature of the solid-state transitions in globular compounds is proposed and exemplified. Patterns were taken of the high- and low-temperature phases of solid cyclohexane, 2-2-dimethylbutane, and 1-4-diazo-bicyclo-(2.2.2)-octane. The first two have broad inelastic scattering peaks in the low-temperature phase. In the high-temperature phase these peaks disappear and the elastic peak broadens markedly. These changes are attributed to "quasi-free- rotation" of the molecules. Inelastic peaks do not appear in 1-4-diazo-bicyclo-(2.2.2)-octane, and the elastic peak does not broaden appreciably in the high-temperature phase. Self-diffusion coefficients D 3=4.5×10-5 cm2/sec for cyclohexane and D3=8.6×10-5 cm2/sec for 2-2-dimethylbutane were determined from the patterns of the liquids at 300°K using the "small motions" approximation. These values are larger than those obtained from NMR measurements, presumably as a result of irreversible rotation of the molecules

How Religion Intersects With Americans Views on the Environment

Pew Research Center conducted this survey to explore the relationship between Americans' religious beliefs and their views about the environment. For this report, we surveyed 10,156 U.S. adults from April 11-17, 2022. All respondents to the survey are part of Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education, religious affiliation and other categories

Climate influence on the health of an Appalachian City

In 2008 the Center for Disease Control (CDC) found Huntington, West Virginia, to be the unhealthiest city in America. A Gallup Poll conducted in 2010 found the Huntington-Ashland metropolitan area number one of 188 metro areas where depression diagnoses are most common. Manifestations of poor health in Huntington may be related to Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a type of depression that occurs mainly in winter months. Symptoms of SAD are reported as a lack of energy, sleeping more, and consuming high amounts of carbohydrates and starchy foods. I theorize that these maladaptive behaviors may be a reaction to climate conditions present in the Huntington region which are present all year around. To test the likelihood of this theory, an online survey was distributed to a convenience sample of undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in social science courses at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia. The data was collected in four waves of the study corresponding to the seasons. Quantitative data on types of foods eaten, activity level, and feelings of lethargy were analyzed using the statistics which were collected from each season. The purpose of the research presented here is to examine if a relationship exists among lifestyle factors, seasonal variations in weather, and self-reported health that could be responsible for Huntington’s health issues. The results of the survey suggest that there is validity to the thesis that one of the factors leading to the unhealthy behaviors exhibited by the population of Huntington, West Virginia, could be due to previously unrecognized effects of year-around seasonal affective disorder caused by climate conditions