2,205 research outputs found
Die Moral von Kaufleuten. Ãœber die Urteilsleistungen und deren Beeinflussung durch Berufsausbildung
Aus welchem Niveau urteilen angehende Kaufleute in moralischen Konfliktlagen und wodurch wird die Entwicklung ihrer Urteilsfähigkeit im Laufe der Berufsausbildung beeinflusst? Der Beitrag berichtet aus einer [...] Längsschnittstudie erste Resultate zum Status und zum Wandel der moralischen Urteilsfähigkeit von Auszubildenden in der Versicherungsbranche und diskutiert im Zusammenhang damit kritisch den gegenwärtigen Stand der einschlägigen Theoriebildung. (DIPF/Orig.)On which level are young business people dealing with moral conflicts and what are the reasons for the development of their judgment competence during vocational education? In this paper some first results of an ongoing longitudinal study are reported including information on state and change of moral judgment competence of apprentices in insurance companies. Furthermore, a critical overview is given on the state of theory construction in two fields: (1) the impact of moral atmosphere on moral competence and (2) the development of moral competence. (DIPF/Orig.
Ensuring content validity of psychological and educational tests – the role of experts
Many test developers try to ensure the content validity of their tests by having external experts review the items in terms of relevance, difficulty, clarity, and so on. Although this approach is widely accepted, a closer look reveals there are several pitfalls that need to be avoided if experts’ advice is to be truly helpful. First, I offer a classification of tasks experts are given by test developers as reported on in the literature dealing with procedures of drawing on experts’ advice. Second, I review a sample of reports on test development (N = 72) to identify the common current procedures for selecting and consulting experts. Results indicate that often the choice of experts seems to be somewhat arbitrary, the questions posed to experts lack precision, and the methods used to evaluate experts' feedback are questionable. Given these findings I explore in more depth what prerequisites are necessary for their contributions to be useful in ensuring the content validity of tests. In conclusion, explicit guidelines on this matter need to be elaborated and standardised (above all, by the AERA, APA, and NCME-"Standards")
Strong magnetic fields and large rotation measures in protogalaxies by supernova seeding
We present a model for the seeding and evolution of magnetic fields in
protogalaxies. Supernova (SN) explosions during the assembly of a protogalaxy
provide magnetic seed fields, which are subsequently amplified by compression,
shear flows and random motions. We implement the model into the MHD version of
the cosmological N-body / SPH simulation code GADGET and we couple the magnetic
seeding directly to the underlying multi-phase description of star formation.
We perform simulations of Milky Way-like galactic halo formation using a
standard LCDM cosmology and analyse the strength and distribution of the
subsequent evolving magnetic field. A dipole-shape divergence-free magnetic
field is injected at a rate of 10^{-9}G / Gyr within starforming regions, given
typical dimensions and magnetic field strengths in canonical SN remnants.
Subsequently, the magnetic field strength increases exponentially on timescales
of a few ten million years. At redshift z=0, the entire galactic halo is
magnetized and the field amplitude is of the order of a few G in the
center of the halo, and 10^{-9} G at the virial radius. Additionally, we
analyse the intrinsic rotation measure (RM) of the forming galactic halo over
redshift. The mean halo intrinsic RM peaks between redshifts z=4 and z=2 and
reaches absolute values around 1000 rad m^{-2}. While the halo virializes
towards redshift z=0, the intrinsic RM values decline to a mean value below 10
rad m^{-2}. At high redshifts, the distribution of individual starforming, and
thus magnetized regions is widespread. In our model for the evolution of
galactic magnetic fields, the seed magnetic field amplitude and distribution is
no longer a free parameter, but determined self-consistently by the star
formation process occuring during the formation of cosmic structures.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted to MNRAS after moderate revisio
Synthetic X-ray and radio maps for two different models of Stephan's Quintet
We present simulations of the compact galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ)
including magnetic fields, performed with the N-body/smoothed particle
hydrodynamics (SPH) code \textsc{Gadget}. The simulations include radiative
cooling, star formation and supernova feedback. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is
implemented using the standard smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics (SPMHD)
method. We adapt two different initial models for SQ based on Renaud et al. and
Hwang et al., both including four galaxies (NGC 7319, NGC 7320c, NGC 7318a and
NGC 7318b). Additionally, the galaxies are embedded in a magnetized, low
density intergalactic medium (IGM). The ambient IGM has an initial magnetic
field of G and the four progenitor discs have initial magnetic fields
of G. We investigate the morphology, regions of star
formation, temperature, X-ray emission, magnetic field structure and radio
emission within the two different SQ models. In general, the enhancement and
propagation of the studied gaseous properties (temperature, X-ray emission,
magnetic field strength and synchrotron intensity) is more efficient for the SQ
model based on Renaud et al., whose galaxies are more massive, whereas the less
massive SQ model based on Hwang et al. shows generally similar effects but with
smaller efficiency. We show that the large shock found in observations of SQ is
most likely the result of a collision of the galaxy NGC 7318b with the IGM.
This large group-wide shock is clearly visible in the X-ray emission and
synchrotron intensity within the simulations of both SQ models. The order of
magnitude of the observed synchrotron emission within the shock front is
slightly better reproduced by the SQ model based on Renaud et al., whereas the
distribution and structure of the synchrotron emission is better reproduced by
the SQ model based on Hwang et al..Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted to MNRA
Lebensmitteleinzelhandel: Unsichere Erwartungen
Nach nur leichten Umsatzausweitungen in den letzten Jahren konnte der Lebensmitteleinzelhandel im Jahr 2000 bei günstigerem Konsumklima ein nominales Umsatzwachstum von 2,6% erzielen. Zum Jahreswechsel 2000/2001 kam es im Gefolge der Lebensmittelskandale allerdings zu einem Umsatzeinbruch, von dem sich die Branche vermutlich nur allmählich erholen wird.Deutschland; Lebensmitteleinzelhandel; Geschäftsklima; Branchenkonjunktur
Formation of a penumbra in a decaying sunspot
Context : Penumbrae are an important characteristic of sunspots, whose
formation is intricately related to the nature of sub-photospheric magnetic
fields. Aims : We study the formation of a penumbra in a decaying sunspot and
compare its properties with those seen during the development of a proto-spot.
Methods : High-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of active region
NOAA 11283 were obtained from the spectro-polarimeter on board Hinode. These
were complemented with full-disk filtergrams of continuum intensity,
line-of-sight magnetograms, and dopplergrams from the Helioseismic and Magnetic
Imager at high cadence. Results : The formation of a penumbra in the decaying
sunspot occurs after the coalescence of the sunspot with a magnetic
fragment/pore, which initially formed in the quiet Sun close to an emerging
flux region. At first, a smaller set of penumbral filaments develop near the
location of the merger with very bright penumbral grains with intensities of
1.2 I_QS, upflows of 4 km/s, and a lifetime of 10 hr. During the decay of these
filaments, a larger segment of a penumbra forms at the location of the
coalescence. These new filaments are characterized by nearly supersonic
downflows of 6.5 km/s that change to a regular Evershed flow nearly 3 hr later.
Conclusions : The coalescence of the pore with the decaying sunspot provided
sufficient magnetic flux for the penumbra to form in the sunspot. The emerging
flux region could have played a decisive role in this process because the
formation occurred at the location of the merger and not on the opposite side
of the sunspot.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters, 6 pages, 4 figure
Metallorganische Lewis-Säuren. Metallkomplexe mit schwach koordinierten Liganden
Die Tetrafluoroborato- und Hexafluoroantimonato-Komplexe (π-C5H5)(CO)3MoX (X = FBF3, FSbF5) setzen sich mit (π-C5H5)(CO)3MoCH3, (π-C5H5)(CO)2FeCH3 oder (π-C5H5)(CO)2FeCOCH3 und cis-, trans-Ph3P(CO)4MnCOCH3 zu [(π-C5H5)(CO)2Mo(μ2-η2-COCH3)Mo(CO)2(π-C5H5)]+ BF4− (I), [(π-C5H5)(CO)2Fe - C(CH3)O-Mo(CO)3(π-C5H5)]+ SbF6− (II) und [(Ph3P)(CO)4Mn-C(CH3)O-Mo(CO)3(π-C5H5)]+ BF4− (III) um
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