Un Análisis Metodológico Y Ético De La Utilización De Supuestos Descriptivamente Falsos En A Theory Of Prostitution .

En el presente artículo se hará un análisis de los supuestos descriptivamente falsos utilizados en el artículo A Theory of Prostitution de Evelyn Korn y Lena Edlund del año 2002, el cual contó con un análisis teórico original de la prostitución, utilizando herramientas tradicionales de la economía marginalista o neoclásica. Será revisada la metodología utilizada en dicho artículo, los sesgos en la formulación de supuestos y sus implicancias éticas a la luz de los criterios metodológicos instrumentalistas esbozados originalmente por Milton Friedman dentro del debate sobre el realismo de los supuestos

Tests for finding complex patterns of differential expression in cancers: towards individualized medicine

BACKGROUND: Microarray studies in cancer compare expression levels between two or more sample groups on thousands of genes. Data analysis follows a population-level approach (e.g., comparison of sample means) to identify differentially expressed genes. This leads to the discovery of 'population-level' markers, i.e., genes with the expression patterns A > B and B > A. We introduce the PPST test that identifies genes where a significantly large subset of cases exhibit expression values beyond upper and lower thresholds observed in the control samples. RESULTS: Interestingly, the test identifies A > B and B < A pattern genes that are missed by population-level approaches, such as the t-test, and many genes that exhibit both significant overexpression and significant underexpression in statistically significantly large subsets of cancer patients (ABA pattern genes). These patterns tend to show distributions that are unique to individual genes, and are aptly visualized in a 'gene expression pattern grid'. The low degree of among-gene correlations in these genes suggests unique underlying genomic pathologies and high degree of unique tumor-specific differential expression. We compare the PPST and the ABA test to the parametric and non-parametric t-test by analyzing two independently published data sets from studies of progression in astrocytoma. CONCLUSIONS: The PPST test resulted findings similar to the nonparametric t-test with higher self-consistency. These tests and the gene expression pattern grid may be useful for the identification of therapeutic targets and diagnostic or prognostic markers that are present only in subsets of cancer patients, and provide a more complete portrait of differential expression in cancer

Immunohistochemical profiles of claudin-3 in primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma

Background\ud Claudins are integral membrane proteins that are involved in forming cellular tight junctions. One member of the claudin family, claudin-3, has been shown to be overexpressed in breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer. Here we use immunohistochemistry to evaluate its expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), normal tissue adjacent to prostatic adenocarcinoma (NAC), primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa), and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (Mets).\ud \ud Methods\ud Tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically stained for claudin-3, with the staining intensities subsequently quantified and statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with subsequent Tukey tests for multiple comparisons or a nonparametric equivalent. Fifty-three cases of NAC, 17 cases of BPH, 35 cases of PIN, 107 cases of PCa, and 55 cases of Mets were analyzed in the microarrays.\ud \ud Results\ud PCa and Mets had the highest absolute staining for claudin-3. Both had significantly higher staining than BPH (p < 0.05 in both cases) and NAC (p < 0.05 in both cases). PIN had a lower, but non-significant, staining score than PCa and Mets, but a statistically higher score than both BPH and NAC (p < 0.05 for both cases). No significant differences were observed between PCa, Mets, and PIN.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud To our knowledge, this represents one of the first studies comparing the immunohistochemical profiles of claudin-3 in PCa and NAC to specimens of PIN, BPH, and Mets. These findings provide further evidence that claudin-3 may serve as an important biomarker for prostate cancer, both primary and metastatic, but does not provide evidence that claudin-3 can be used to predict risk of metastasis

Las condiciones laborales en la industria textil en Buenos Aires, 1939-1946, desde la economía, la historia social y los estudios de género

Desde un análisis interdisciplinario que recoge aportes de la historia social, la economía y los estudios de género, este trabajo intenta reconstruir las experiencias de las y los trabajadores de la industria textil, profundizando sobre el trabajo asalariado y el trabajo doméstico, o trabajo del cuidado, no remunerado. El estudio se centra en Buenos Aires entre los años 1939 y 1946, en que el Partido Comunista (PC) de la Argentina fue la dirección del sindicato, la Unión Obrera Textil (UOT). Luego de incursionar en documentación antes no utilizada o no interrogada acerca de estas cuestiones, se halla que las experiencias laborales de las obreras textiles fueron muy distintas a las de los varones y se demuestra que estas diferencias se debieron al género y no a otras cuestiones como la calificación, por ejemplo, ya que a pesar de contar con puestos más calificados, la remuneración de las mujeres era marcadamente menor a la de los hombres. Asimismo, se demuestra que las obreras textiles tuvieron una experiencia de clase particular determinada por su rol en el trabajo doméstico, que el PC pudo detectar, frente a la cual tuvo respuestas políticas, y constituyó demandas ante esta situación

FAST: FAST Analysis of Sequences Toolbox.

FAST (FAST Analysis of Sequences Toolbox) provides simple, powerful open source command-line tools to filter, transform, annotate and analyze biological sequence data. Modeled after the GNU (GNU's Not Unix) Textutils such as grep, cut, and tr, FAST tools such as fasgrep, fascut, and fastr make it easy to rapidly prototype expressive bioinformatic workflows in a compact and generic command vocabulary. Compact combinatorial encoding of data workflows with FAST commands can simplify the documentation and reproducibility of bioinformatic protocols, supporting better transparency in biological data science. Interface self-consistency and conformity with conventions of GNU, Matlab, Perl, BioPerl, R, and GenBank help make FAST easy and rewarding to learn. FAST automates numerical, taxonomic, and text-based sorting, selection and transformation of sequence records and alignment sites based on content, index ranges, descriptive tags, annotated features, and in-line calculated analytics, including composition and codon usage. Automated content- and feature-based extraction of sites and support for molecular population genetic statistics make FAST useful for molecular evolutionary analysis. FAST is portable, easy to install and secure thanks to the relative maturity of its Perl and BioPerl foundations, with stable releases posted to CPAN. Development as well as a publicly accessible Cookbook and Wiki are available on the FAST GitHub repository at https://github.com/tlawrence3/FAST. The default data exchange format in FAST is Multi-FastA (specifically, a restriction of BioPerl FastA format). Sanger and Illumina 1.8+ FastQ formatted files are also supported. FAST makes it easier for non-programmer biologists to interactively investigate and control biological data at the speed of thought

Working conditions in the textile industry in Buenos Aires, 1939-1946. An overview from the economy, social history and gender studies

Desde un análisis interdisciplinario que recoge aportes de la historia social, la economía y los estudios de género, este trabajo intenta reconstruir las experiencias de las y los trabajadores de la industria textil, profundizando sobre el trabajo asalariado y el trabajo doméstico, o trabajo del cuidado, no remunerado. El estudio se centra en Buenos Aires entre los años 1939 y 1946, en que el Partido Comunista (PC) de la Argentina fue la dirección del sindicato, la Unión Obrera Textil (UOT). Luego de incursionar en documentación antes no utilizada o no interrogada acerca de estas cuestiones, se halla que las experiencias laborales de las obreras textiles fueron muy distintas a las de los varones y se demuestra que estas diferencias se debieron al género y no a otras cuestiones como la calificación, por ejemplo, ya que a pesar de contar con puestos más calificados, la remuneración de las mujeres era marcadamente menor a la de los hombres. Asimismo, se demuestra que las obreras textiles tuvieron una experiencia de clase particular determinada por su rol en el trabajo doméstico, que el PC pudo detectar, frente a la cual tuvo respuestas políticas, y constituyó demandas ante esta situación.From an interdisciplinary analysis, which collects contributions from social history, economics and gender studies, we try to reconstruct the experiences of workers in the textile industry, going deeper into wage labor and domestic work , or care work, unpaid. The study focuses on Buenos Aires during 1939-1946, when the Argentine Communist Party (PC) was the leadership of the union, the Union Obrera Textil (UOT). After having penetrated previously unused or non-questioned documentation on these issues, we found that the labor experiences of the female textile workers were very different from those of the men and we showed that these differences were due to gender and not to other issues such as the qualification, for example, since in spite of having more qualified positions, the wage of the women was markedly inferior to that of the men. We also showed that the textile workers had a particular class experience determined by their role in domestic work, which the PC was able to detect, it had political answers against which, and constituted demands in this situation.Fil: Norando, Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Wertheimer Becich, Lautaro Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentin

"Militantes por natureza": Discursos e perspectivas sobre movimentos ambientais em três cidades: Buenos Aires, Leeds e Milão

A lo largo de las últimas décadas se ha conformado, a nivel mundial, un nuevo campo de debate, en el que actores de diversa extracción social y geográfica participan de una discusión en torno a la problemática ambiental. Esta cuestión pública se ha ido constituyendo como una dimensión de importancia creciente en conflictos urbanos contemporáneos y en torno a ella se ha ido delineado varios ambientalismos. Este artículo se centra en la Justicia Ambiental en tanto perspectiva cultural ambiental (Milton, 1996) compartida globalmente, y en los modos en que es reinterpretada y reactualizada localmente por activistas o militantes ambientales de distintas partes del globo. A partir de entrevistas conducidas a ambientalistas en tres ciudades –en Buenos Aires (Argentina), Leeds (Reino Unido) y Milán (Italia)–, en el marco de tesis doctorales en curso, planteamos que el ambientalismo, en tanto perspectiva cultural, puede ser compartido y comunicado más allá de los confines geográficos y sociales. Así, desde distintas partes del mundo, con su historia y desarrollo social particular, organizaciones disimiles enriquecen el debate en torno a la Justicia Ambiental.Over the last decades, a new environmental debate emerged worldwide, in which actors from different social and geographical contexts participate in a discussion around environmental issues. This public issue grew as an important dimension in contemporary urban conflicts, giving birth to several environmental discourses. This article focus on the Environmental Justice movement as a cultural perspective (Milton, 1996) globally shared and the ways this is locally reappropriated and updated by activists in different parts of the world. Drawing on interviews conducted with activists in three cities, Buenos Aires (Argentina), Leeds (UK) and Milano (Italy), we propose that environmentalism, considered as a cultural perspective, can be shared and communicated beyond geographic and social boundaries. Thus, from different contexts, different organizations contribute to the Environmental Justice debate.Fil: Clemente, Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Sede Académica Argentina Buenos Aires. Área de Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Wertheimer Becich, Marina Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin

“Natural” ecosystems conservation in the context of disputes for access to urban land: the case of the Natural Reserve of Ciudad Evita (Buenos Aires - Argentina)

En el año 2015, organizaciones vecinales y ambientales de la localidad de Ciudad Evita lograron la declaración municipal de la Reserva Natural Ciudad Evita, con el fin de conservar humedales y patrimonio histórico del tejido urbano. Desde entonces, sin embargo, no se han tomado medidas concretas para tornar efectiva su protección, y el predio ha atravesado crecientes tensiones territoriales por acceso a la vivienda. Este artículo analiza la experiencia de la Reserva Natural Ciudad Evita como un caso ilustrativo de conservación de ecosistemas naturales en contextos de expansión urbana ligados a la crisis habitacional. Se establecen algunas consideraciones en clave de derecho a la ciudad, apuntando a poner en debate las contradicciones y conflictos que emergen en torno a la conservación ambiental en espacios metropolitanos, teniendo en cuenta una visión abarcativa que contemple tanto la dimensión socioeconómica, como urbana y ambiental del territorio en que se inscriben.In the year 2015, local and environmental organizations in the city of Ciudad Evita achieved the creation of “Ciudad Evita Natural Reserve”, with the aim of conserving wetlands and the historical heritage. However, the Ciudad Evita municipal government did not take any measure in order to make its protection effective, and the territorial tensions arose in the natural reserve regarding access to housing. This article analyzes the experience of the Ciudad Evita Natural Reserve as an illustrative case of natural conservation in contexts of urban expansion linked to the housing crisis. We analyze the article's main findings in the light of the right to the city debates, aiming to reflect about the contradictions and conflicts around environmental conservation in metropolitan spaces, by offering a comprehensive insight which considers both the socioeconomic, as well as the urban and environmental dimension.Fil: Wertheimer Becich, Marina Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin

Immunohistochemical analysis of ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 in prostatic adenocarcinoma

Background: Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) is an adapter protein which has been shown to play an active role in a wide variety of cellular processes, including interactions with proteins related to both tumor suppression and oncogenesis. Here we use immunohistochemistry to evaluate EBP50's expression in normal donor prostate (NDP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), normal tissue adjacent to prostatic adenocarcinoma (NAC), primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa), and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (Mets). Methods. Tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically stained for EBP50, with the staining intensities quantified using automated image analysis software. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with subsequent Tukey tests for multiple comparisons. Eleven cases of NDP, 37 cases of NAC, 15 cases of BPH, 35 cases of HGPIN, 103 cases of PCa, and 36 cases of Mets were analyzed in the microarrays. Results: Specimens of PCa and Mets had the lowest absolute staining for EBP50. Mets staining was significantly lower than NDP (p = 0.027), BPH (p = 0.012), NAC (p < 0.001), HGPIN (p < 0.001), and PCa (p = 0.006). Additionally, HGPIN staining was significantly higher than NAC (p < 0.009) and PCa (p < 0.001). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this represents the first study comparing the immunohistochemical profiles of EBP50 in PCa and Mets to specimens of HGPIN, BPH, NDP, and NAC and suggests that EBP50 expression is decreased in Mets. Given that PCa also had significantly higher expression than Mets, future studies are warranted to assess EBP50's potential as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer. © 2011 Bartholow et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

A Bayesian method for evaluating and discovering disease loci associations, PLoS One

Abstract Background: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) typically involves examining representative SNPs in individuals from some population. A GWAS data set can concern a million SNPs and may soon concern billions. Researchers investigate the association of each SNP individually with a disease, and it is becoming increasingly commonplace to also analyze multi-SNP associations. Techniques for handling so many hypotheses include the Bonferroni correction and recently developed Bayesian methods. These methods can encounter problems. Most importantly, they are not applicable to a complex multilocus hypothesis which has several competing hypotheses rather than only a null hypothesis. A method that computes the posterior probability of complex hypotheses is a pressing need