Charting a Sustainable Development Path: Prospects for Socially and Environmentally Beneficial Tourism in Caleta Tortel, Chile

Caleta Tortel is a small rural town in Patagonia, Chile. Caleta Tortel is at a crossroads in economic development. The main goals of this thesis were to analyze Tortel\u27s past and future development, evaluate the possibility of a socially and environmentally beneficial path for its future, and assess the community’s ability to shape this future path. I focused on Tortel\u27s budding tourism development and evaluated its ability to follow and support a socially and environmentally beneficial development path. I developed an analytic framework of two contrasting development paths: 1) extractive and exploitative, and 2) socially and environmentally beneficial (sustain able). I used this framework to evaluate Tortel\u27s ability to support a sustainable path. I conducted a qualitative analysis of 30 interviews of community leaders, small business owners and other residents in Tortel. Interview questions asked about perceptions of recent and future development, and tourism development in particular. I found that Tortel has the ability to support a socially and ecologically beneficial path in its future. This analysis also demonstrates that an extractive and exploitative development path has historically been dominant in Chile and in Tortel and continues to be a threat, even as the town seeks to shift toward a more sustainable development path. My analysis of in-depth interviews also demonstrates that the local tourism industry has the ability to support a sustainable economic path, providing conditions that enable sustainability are present. Sustainable development literature shows that these conditions exist when: 1) local people have an advantage because of their own unique set of skills, 2) communities that can concentrate on activities that complement rather than compete with large tourism operators, and 3) special property rights are allocated to the community. While all these conditions are not currently present in Tortel, the community, such conditions can be encouraged, given that the community is ready and willing to become more involved in tourism projects. This thesis concludes with recommendations for local government officials, NGO’s and local residents for facilitating conditions to support sustainable development in Tortel

Active Monitoring of Chemical Fume Hood Sash Position for Energy Conservation

Chemical fume hoods in laboratories consume the power equivalent of 3/4 American households. The amount of energy used by a hood is directly proportional to how far the hood sash is open, and closing the sash completely can result in up to 75% energy savings. Past efforts have attempted to achieve these savings by visually reminding users to close the sash when the hood is not in use. In the present work, we implement an easily-installable alarm system to audibly alert users to close the sash when it is not in use. The device is comprised of a microcomputer fitted with a webcam to track the position of the sash using augmented reality tags and simultaneously detect motion to determine whether the hood is in use. We installed this device in several MIT laboratories with fume hoods for one week without the alarm activated (control), followed by a second week with the audible feedback when a hood was left open and not being used (test). We then compared the test data to the control to calculate the amount of energy saved and the corresponding cost savings in energy bills from the implementation of the alarm. The addition of the alarm reduced wasted energy by 96-98%, resulting in an average cost savings of $427 per fume hood annually. This work has produced an easily-installable fume hood monitor with active feedback to incorporate into any laboratory in efforts to save energy and reduce monetary costs

Accretion on compact stars: hypercritical accretion in the Induced Gravitational Collapse and the post-merger evolution of white dwarfs mergers.

The Induced Gravitational Collapse (IGC) paradigm points to a binary origin for the long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRBs) associated with supernovae (SN). In this one, a carbon-oxygen core (COcore) explodes in a Type Ib/c SN in presence of a close neutron star (NS) companion. The SN triggers an hypercritical accretion into the NS and depending on the initial binary parameters, two outcomes are possible. In a first scenario, also referred as binary-driven hypernova (BdHNe), the binary is enough tight, so the accretion rate onto NS can be enough high to lead the NS reaches its critical mass, and collapses to a black hole (BH), emitting a GRB. A second scenario can happen for binary systems with larger binary separations, then the hypercritical accretion onto the NS is not sufficient to induce its gravitational collapse, giving place to a x-ray flash (XRF). The first part of this thesis focus on the hypercritical accretion process in the IGC paradigm. We constructed an analytical framework based on the Bondi-Hoyle accretion formalism, in order to identify the separatrix of systems in which a BH is formed and the ones where there is no BH formation and characterize the observational signatures of the BdHNe and the XRF systems. We show that the material entering into the Bondi-Hoyle region possesses sufficient angular momentum to circularize around the NS, forming a disk-like structure. We estimate the maximum orbital period, as a function of the NS initial mass, up to which the NS companion can reach by hypercritical accretion the critical mass for gravitational collapse leading to BH formation. We also studied the hydrodynamics within the accretion flow. We find that the temperature developed near the NS surface is around 1-10 MeV, hence electron–positron annihilation into neutrinos becomes the main cooling channel. Additionally, 3D numerical simulations of the IGC paradigm are performed with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. The fate of the binary system is explored for a wide parameter space including different COcore masses, orbital periods and SN explosion geometry and energies. We determine whether the star gravitational collapse is possible and assess if the binary holds gravitationally bound or it becomes unbound by the SN explosion. The second part of this thesis is about the evolution of postmergers remnants of white dwarfs binary systems. The simulations of coalescence between white dwarfs have shown that the final result consists of a central remnant made of the undisturbed primary star. The secondary star is totally disrupted and about half of the material is accreted by the primary, forming a hot corona surrounding it, and the rest of the material forms a rapidly rotating Keplerian disk, since little mass is ejected from the system during the coalescence process. In this thesis the evolution of metastable, magnetized super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs formed in the aftermath of the merger of close binary systems has been modeled taking into account the magnetic torques acting on the star, accretion from the Keplerian disk, the threading of the magnetic field lines through the disk, as well as the thermal evolution of the white dwarf core. We explore the binary parameters that lead the white dwarf central remnant to evolve toward the gravitational collapse forming a neutron star or toward explosive carbon ignition leading to a type Ia supernova

Incidencia de niños quemados a causa de accidentes domésticos

El presente trabajo pretende determinar las principales causas y factores que provocan accidentes domésticos, en especial quemaduras, en niños internados en el Hospital Pediátrico Humberto Notti en el segundo semestre de 2016. Busca además, conocer el perfil socioeconómico de la familia y detectar rango de edades de los pacientes. Es un estudio con diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra tomada es un total de 30 familias de niños afectados. Como técnica de recolección de datos se utilizó una entrevista abierta a cada familia, donde se realizaron preguntas anónimas, cerradas y de múltiple opción.Fil: Becerra, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Miranda, Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Obando, Fanny. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería.

Fecundity of <i>Uca uruguayensis</i> and <i>Chasmagnathus granulatus</i> (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the "Refugio de Vida Silvestre" Bahía Samborombón, Argentina

The aim of the present work conducted at the Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bahía Samborombón is to analyse the most relevant aspects of the fecundity of Chasmagnathus granulatus and Uca uruguayensis. Samplings were carried out from March 2001 to February 2003. Ovigerous females of U. uruguayensis (N = 13) and C. granulatus (N = 25) were found during spring and summer, their sizes (CW) varied from 9.1 to 11.7 mm for the former species and from 22.8 to 32.4 mm for the latter. The egg diameter in U. uruguayensis ranged from 245 to 260 ?m for embryos in the early stage of development and from 250 to 345 ?m for those in mid-developmental stage, while in C. granulatus from 250 to 345 μm and from 260 to 365 ?m respectively. Fecundity varied from 1126 to 6745 eggs/brood in U. uruguayensis and 15688-57418 eggs/brood in C. granulatus. For those females with broods in mid-developmental stage, several relationships were made. For U. uruguayensis the best correlation coefficients were obtained for the relationships: female weight vs. egg mass weight and carapace width vs. egg mass weight; for C. granulatus the best association was obtained between female size and the egg number and the egg mass weight.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os aspectos mais relevantes da fecundidade de Chasmagnathus granulatus e Uca uruguayensis no Ref&uacute;gio da Vida Silvestre Bahia Samboromb&oacute;n. As amostragens foram realizadas de mar&ccedil;o de 2001 a fevereiro de 2003. As f&ecirc;meas ov&iacute;geras de U. uruguayensis (N = 13) e de C. granulatus (N = 25) foram capturadas na primavera e ver&atilde;o. A largura da carapa&ccedil;a (LC) de U. uruguayensis variou de 9.1 a 11.7 mm, e de 22.8 a 32.4 mm para C. granulatus. O di&acirc;metro dos ovos de U. uruguayensis variou de 245 a 260 &micro;m para embri&otilde;es em est&aacute;gio de desenvolvimento inicial e de 250 a 345 &micro;m para aqueles em est&aacute;gio intermedi&aacute;rio; para C. granulatus as varia&ccedil;&otilde;es foram de 250 a 345 &micro;m e de 260 a 365 &micro;m, respectivamente. A fecundidade de U. uruguayensis variou de 1126 a 6745 ovos/desova e para C. granulatus de 15688 a 57418 ovos/desova. Para as f&ecirc;meas com massa de ovos em est&aacute;gio de desenvolvimento intermedi&aacute;rio foram efetuadas v&aacute;rias rela&ccedil;&otilde;es: para U. uruguayensis os melhores coeficientes de correla&ccedil;&atilde;o foram obtidos nas rela&ccedil;&otilde;es: peso da f&ecirc;mea vs. peso da massa de ovos, e largura da carapa&ccedil;a vs. peso da massa de ovos. Para C. granulatus, a melhor associa&ccedil;&atilde;o foi obtida entre o n&uacute;mero de ovos e o peso da massa de ovos

Climate Change & Tourism Literature Review

Climate change and global warming have become hot topics of research over the past decade. Tourism is intimately a part of the climate change issue. The purpose of this literature review was to identify and understand where, how much, and what type of topics related to climate change and tourism currently exist in the literature

Impact of Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol on the Lipid Bilayer of Staphylococcus aureus: Changes in Membrane Potential

The present study was undertaken to explore the interaction of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol with bacterial membranes in a sensitive and in a resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus by using 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS). The binding of this probe to the cell membrane depends on the surface potential, which modulates the binding constant to the membrane. We observed that these antibiotics interacted with the bilayer, thus affecting the electrostatic surface potential. Alterations caused by antibiotics on the surface of the bacteria were accompanied by a reduction in the number of binding sites and an increase in the ANS dissociation constant in the sensitive strain, whereas in the ciprofloxacin-resistant strain no significant changes were detected. The changes seen in the electrostatic surface potential generated in the membrane of S. aureus by the antibiotics provide new aspects concerning their action on the bacterial cell.Fil: Paez, Paulina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); ArgentinaFil: Becerra, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); ArgentinaFil: Albesa, Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentin