Nine-Year Effects of 3.7 Years of Intensive Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Outcomes

In the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, ∼4 years of intensive versus standard glycemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors had a neutral effect on the composite cardiovascular outcome, increased cardiovascular and total mortality, and reduced nonfatal myocardial infarction. Effects of the intervention during prolonged follow-up were analyzed

Why do adolescents with bulimia nervosa choose not to involve their parents in treatment?

Original article can be found at http://www.springerlink.com Copyright Springer [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]Background: Although the use of family therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa is well established, there has been limited research into the efficacy of family therapy in adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN). No previous research has investigated why individuals with BN do or do not involve their parents in treatment. This is an exploratory study aimed at determining whether there are any differences between these individuals in terms of eating disorder symptomatology, psychopathology, familial risk factors, patients’ perception of parental expressed emotion (EE) and family functioning. Methods: Participants were 85 adolescents with BN or Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, recruited to a randomised controlled evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural guided self-care vs. family therapy. Participants were interviewed regarding the history of their eating disorder and completed self-report measures. Results: Patients who did not involve their parents in treatment were significantly older, had more chronic eating disorder symptoms, exhibited more co-morbid and impulsive behaviours and rated their mothers higher in EE. However, they did not have more severe eating disorder symptomatology. Conclusions: These preliminary findings, although in need of replication with a larger sample and limited by the attrition rate in some of the self-report measures, indicate that patients who did not involve their parents in treatment may perceive their mothers as having a more blaming and negative attitude towards the patient’s illness. Public awareness about BN needs to be raised, focusing on reducing the stigma and negative views attached to this illness.Peer reviewe

Protein Modification by Adenine Propenal

Base propenals are products of the reaction of DNA with oxidants such as peroxynitrite and bleomycin. The most reactive base propenal, adenine propenal, is mutagenic in Escherichia coli and reacts with DNA to form covalent adducts; however, the reaction of adenine propenal with protein has not yet been investigated. A survey of the reaction of adenine propenal with amino acids revealed that lysine and cysteine form adducts, whereas histidine and arginine do not. <i>N</i>^ε-Oxopropenyllysine, a lysine–lysine cross-link, and <i>S</i>-oxopropenyl cysteine are the major products. Comprehensive profiling of the reaction of adenine propenal with human serum albumin and the DNA repair protein, XPA, revealed that the only stable adduct is <i>N</i>^ε-oxopropenyllysine. The most reactive sites for modification in human albumin are K190 and K351. Three sites of modification of XPA are in the DNA-binding domain, and two sites are subject to regulatory acetylation. Modification by adenine propenal dramatically reduces XPA’s ability to bind to a DNA substrate

A linearization account of either … or constructions

To account for the linear freedom of either in disjunction constructions, I expand upon the focus-based account of den Dikken (2006).Word order constraints, in contrast to movement rules or base-generation constraints, provide the mechanism for explaining the distributional data. I argue that all positional variability exhibited by either ultimately derives from a licensing construction that enables either to be shuffled about disjunct-internally, yet simultaneously prevents either from entering into linear precedence relations with disjunct-external constituents. Restrictions on the surface realization of either result from a linear precedence rule ordering either before the contrastive focus, language particular constraints on word order, and general constraints on coordinate ellipsis. Overall, this analysis presents an account of either . . . or constructions that introduces only a single linear precedence rule and a licensing construction for combining either with disjunctions to account for the data, relying on independently-motivated constraints to carry the rest of the analytical burden

Seminar on Adjustment and its Problems in Southern Iowa

This publication includes seminar papers presented and discussed by staff members of Iowa State University during the winter quarter of 1959. The seminar was sponsored by the Center for Agricultural and Economic Adjustment and met for two hours per week over a period of nearly three months. The seminar was organized to include a group of about 70 members designated by the committee listed below. The formal seminar group discus sed each paper after its presentation. The papers were revised in line with these discussions by the seminar group and recommendations by the seminar committee.</p