Cell damage and neurogenesis in the dentate granule cell layer of adult rats after pilocarpine- or kainate-induced status epilepticus

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of PhysiologyUNIFESP, Department of PhysiologySciEL

O desafio de ensinar geometria a alunos surdos

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O presente trabalho aponta sugestões de práticas que buscam promover o desenvolvimento escolar de alunos surdos, inseridos em salas regulares. O trabalho foi desenvolvido pelos bolsistas do PIBID/Matemática/UEPG, com um aluno do Colégio Estadual Professor Eugênio Malanski. Observou-se que as metodologias ainda não se adaptam com clareza às necessidades especiais que estes alunos apresentam. Falta ainda investimento em formação continuada para que estas práticas sejam consideradas satisfatórias. Acima de tudo este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a efetividade das políticas inclusiva

CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND EXTINCTION RISK OF BRAZILIAN CARNIVORES

Mammalian carnivores are crucial bioindicators of environmental impacts. Threats to the Brazilian carnivores identified by the national evaluation of extinction risk were reviewed in this article. Native vegetation suppression, road and hydroelectric dam building, mining and petrol extraction are the main threats and are all subjected to laws that require environmental licensing, which should be a safeguard that measures would be adopted to mitigate their negative impacts; however, almost half of the carnivore species are under some degree of extinction threat. This evidences the need for effective enforcement of environmental legislations and for considering cumulative and indirect effects of human activities on carnivore populations. Therefore, the current trends of changes in Brazilian environmental legislation should be reversed in order to avoid biodiversity loss

Postnatal Transplantation of Interneuronal Precursor Cells Decreases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Mice

The GABAergic system is critically involved in the modulation of anxiety levels, and dysfunction of GABAergic neurotransmission appears to be involved in the development of generalized anxiety disorder. Precursor cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) have the ability to migrate and differentiate into inhibitory GABAergic interneurons after being transplanted into the mouse brain. Thus, transplantation of interneuronal precursor cells derived from the MGE into a postnatal brain could modify the neuronal circuitry, increasing GABAergic tone and decreasing anxiety-like behavior in animals. Our aim was to verify the in vivo effects of transplanted MGE cells by evaluating anxiety-like behavior in mice. MGE cells from 14-day green fluorescent protein (GFP) embryos were transplanted into newborn mice. At 15, 30, and 60 days posttransplant, the animals were tested for anxiety behavior with the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Our results show that transplanted cells from MGE were able to migrate to different regions of the brain parenchyma and to differentiate into inhibitory interneurons. the neuronal precursor cell transplanted animals had decreased levels of anxiety, indicating a specific function of these cells in vivo. We suggested that transplantation of MGE-derived neuronal precursors into neonate brain could strengthen the inhibitory function of the GABAergic neuronal circuitry related to anxiety-like behavior in mice.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Biochem, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Therapeutic effects of the transplantation of VEGF overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the hippocampus of murine model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically characterized by progressive memory loss, behavioral and learning dysfunction and cognitive deficits, such as alterations in social interactions. the major pathological features of AD are the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles together with neuronal and vascular damage. the double transgenic mouse model of AD (2xTg-AD) with the APPswe/PS1dE9 mutations shows characteristics that are similar to those observed in AD patients, including social memory impairment, senile plaque formation and vascular deficits. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), when transplanted into the brain, produce positive effects by reducing amyloid-beta (AN deposition in transgenic amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilins1 (PS1) mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), exhibits neuroprotective effects against the excitotoxicity implicated in the AD neurodegeneration. the present study investigates the effects of MSCs overexpressing VEGF in hippocampal neovascularization, cognitive dysfunction and senile plaques present in 2xTg-AD transgenic mice. MSC were transfected with vascular endothelial growth factor cloned in uP vector under control of modified CMV promoter (uP-VEGF) vector, by electroporation and expanded at the 14th passage. 2xTg-AD animals at 6, 9 and 12 months old were transplanted with MSC-VEGF or MSC. the animals were tested for behavioral tasks to access locomotion, novelty exploration, learning and memory, and their brains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for vascularization and A(3 plaques. MSC-VEGF treatment favored the neovascularization and diminished senile plaques in hippocampal specific layers. Consequently, the treatment was able to provide behavioral benefits and reduce cognitive deficits by recovering the innate interest to novelty and counteracting memory deficits present in these AD transgenic animals. Therefore, this study has important therapeutic implications for the vascular damage in the neurodegeneration promoted by AD.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Depto Fisiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Depto Fisiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

CONCEPÇÃO E GERENCIMENTO DE PROJETO: A AMPLIAÇÃO DE ATIVIDADES E DE PESQUISAS EM MONUMENTO UNIVERSITÁRIO TOMBADO (O MONUMENTO NACIONAL RUÍNAS ENGENHO SÃO JORGE DOS ERASMOS - PRCEU-USP)

Este artigo aponta as estratégias adotadas para aumentar o potencial de visitantes e retomar as pesquisas históricas e arqueológicas no Monumento Nacional Ruínas Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos, da Pró-Reitoria de Cultura e Extensão Universitária da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), na Baixada Santista, uma das mais antigas evidências físicas da presença portuguesa no Brasil, mantendo-o aberto ao público de domingo a domingo e preservando seu sitio arqueológico. Inicialmente é apresentada breve descrição do Monumento, desde sua instalação na Capitania de São Vicente até o momento em que suas Ruínas foram transferidas para a Universidade de São Paulo. Em seguida, relata as atividades em desenvolvimento no Monumento, que justificaram a busca por solução capaz de viabilizar a retomada das pesquisas arqueológicas, interrompidas desde 2004. Por último, apresenta a solução encontrada pela atual diretoria do Monumento Nacional Ruínas Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos, em conjunto com a Pró-Reitoria de Cultura e Extensão Universitária da USP, descrevendo o estágio atual do projeto e prospectando próximos passos

DA CRISE À LITIGÂNCIA CLIMÁTICA: O PAPEL DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL NA REGULAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA EM LITÍGIOS ENVOLVENDO A UNIÃO FEDERAL NO BRASIL

O artigo apresenta como problemática analisar o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) na regulação climática. Para tanto, buscou-se contextualizar a emergência climática enquanto um desafio global do Antropoceno, para então destacar a Agenda Global do Clima e a estruturação da proteção climática no Brasil. Em seguida, discorreu-se sobre aspectos gerais concernentes à litigância climática. Na análise dos litígios climáticos julgados pelo STF, procedeu-se a identificação dos julgados, a análise dos motivos da litigância e os resultados dos julgamentos. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida à luz do método hipotético-dedutivo complementado pelo empírico, utilizando-se, como técnicas de pesquisa, a pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental. Como conclusões, percebeu-se que as ações foram ajuizadas durante o governo de Jair Bolsonaro, o qual foi marcado pelo retrocesso ambiental e descaso com a proteção climática; tendo as ações por propósito o alcance de avanços na proteção climática. Os julgamentos, por sua vez, à par daqueles que extinguiram os processos sem resolução do mérito, mostram-se favoráveis ao avanço na regulação climática, com comandos voltando-se ao desenvolvimento de planos de controle de incêndios florestais, combate ao desmatamento, fortalecimento de entidades envolvidas na proteção climática, e à garantia de transparência na execução de políticas climáticas

Selective eating: a nutritional approach

Selective eating is known by food refusal, lack of appetite and interest in food. It is atypical behavior of preschool, but when present in adverse family environments, can perpetuate and remain until adolescence. This paper is a case report of a patient with diagnosis of selective eating that seeks for specialized treatment center for eating disorders at 14 years old. The particularity of this case is the fast and good evolution, possibly due to the desire to treat himself and the support received by the family. The case points out the importance of identifying earlier and correctly cases of selectivity so they will be submitted as soon as possible to professionals specialized in treatment of eating disorders in different developmental stages of childhood and adolescence, resulting in a better prognosis framework.A seletividade alimentar é caracterizada por recusa alimentar, pouco apetite e desinteresse pelo alimento. É um comportamento típico da fase pré-escolar, mas, quando presente em ambientes familiares desfavoráveis, pode acentuar-se e permanecer até a adolescência. Este artigo trata de um relato de caso em que o paciente, com diagnóstico de seletividade alimentar, inicia tratamento em serviço especializado de transtornos alimentares aos 14 anos. A particularidade deste caso é a rápida e boa evolução do quadro, possivelmente decorrente do desejo próprio de se tratar e do apoio recebido pela família. A análise do caso em questão aponta para a importância de identificar os casos de seletividade de forma correta e precoce para que eles sejam encaminhados o quanto antes a profissionais habilitados no tratamento de distúrbios alimentares nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento da infância e adolescência, resultando em melhor prognóstico do quadro.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos AlimentaresUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos AlimentaresSciEL

Profile of cytokines and soluble TNF receptors in response to moderate and intense exercises in active and remission patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Introduction: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that is associated with clinical symptoms and disease severity. Therefore, strategies to reduce inflammation, such as physical exercise, have a potential therapeutic role in SLE due to its anti-inflammatory effects. This study sought to compare cytokines and soluble TNF receptors response to: (1) moderate vs. intense aerobic exercise in active SLE (SLEACT) and remission SLE (SELREM) patients; (2) SLEACT vs. SLEREM patients undergoing moderate and intense aerobic exercises; and (3) SLE patients vs. healthy controls (HC) undergoing moderate and intense aerobic exercises. Methods: twelve SLEREM (age: 35.3±5.7 yrs; BMI: 25.6±3.4 kg/m2), 11 SLEACT (age: 30.4±4.5 yrs; BMI: 26.1±4.8 kg/m2) and 10 age-and BMI-matched HC (age: 30.6±5.2 yrs; BMI: 24.1±2.3 kg/m2) performed 30-min sessions of moderate (~50% of VO2max) and intense (~70% of VO2max) exercises. Serum cytokines (INF-γ, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) and soluble receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) were measured at rest, immediately after the exercise, every 30-min during three hours of recovery, and 24 h after the end of exercise session. Results: there were no differences for cytokines and sTNFRs responses between moderate and intense aerobic exercise for SLEACT and SLEREM patients (P\u3e0.05). Similar responses were found when SLEACT and SLEREM patients were compared for moderate and intense exercises, except for 1) serum TNF-α, which was lower in SLEACT than SLEREM patients after moderate exercise (P\u3c0.05); 2) serum sTNFR1, which was higher in SLEREM than SLEACT patients at 30th and 60th minutes of moderate exercise recovery (P=0.027 and P=0.036, respectively); and 3) serum sTNFR2, which remained higher during both sessions of exercise and recovery for SLEREM in comparison to SLEACT patients (P\u3c0.01). Also, a time-effect was observed for serum IL-6 and TNF-α (P\u3c0.05) after intense exercise with a posterior reduction under baseline values, reaching the values experienced by HC. Conclusion: cytokines and sTNFRs were not different in both exercise intensities for SLEACT and SLEREM, except for a few differences, which pointed out to a less inflammatory pattern in SLEACT patients, suggesting that exercise (even more intensive) can be safely performed by SLE patients with active disease. Finally, the reduction shown in serum IL-6 and TNF-α after intense exercise in SLEACT patients supports evidences for an anti-inflammatory effect of exercise and reinforces the importance of physical exercise to SLE treatment