Análisis nutricional: el consumo de calorías de la población pobre en Argentina

Existe una creencia generalizada entre los economistas que la inseguridad alimentaria y el hambre son el resultado de la pobreza. Muchos sostienen que el crecimiento económico y los aumentos en los niveles de ingreso de los hogares pobres mejorarán la habilidad y el deseo de los mismos por adquirir una dieta adecuada, al menos en términos de la energía aportada por los alimentos (calorías). Teniendo en cuenta la dispar distribución de los gastos en alimentos debido a la creciente desigualdad en los niveles de vida de nuestro país, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las deficiencias de nuestra población en la satisfacción de los requerimientos mínimos nutricionales, evaluar el aporte calórico de los distintos grupos de alimentos y cuantificar el grado de sensibilidad de las calorías a las variaciones en el ingreso. Además se realiza un análisis exploratorio para identificar las características de los hogares con deficiencias calóricas. La generación de información para nuestro país sobre estos aspectos es el paso previo para evaluar la eficacia de programas dirigidos a disminuir los niveles de pobreza y desnutrición otorgando subsidios directos en dinero o raciones de alimentos. Además de orientar las decisiones para la producción de alimentos estratégicos en la mejora de los niveles nutricionales de los hogares más carenciados o vulnerables.Fil: Rodríguez, Elsa Mirta M. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Garrido, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Gentile, Natacha. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Lupín, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Mentoría y recursos educativos para el Trabajo Fin de Grado del Grado en Física y del Grado en Ingeniería de Materiales

Depto. de Física de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias FísicasFALSEsubmitte

Promotion of physical activity after hospitalization for COPD exacerbation: A randomized control trial

COPD exacerbation; Hospitalization; Physical activityExacerbació de la MPOC; Hospitalització; Activitat físicaExacerbación de la EPOC; Hospitalización; Actividad físicaBackground and Objective Physical activity worsens during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and notably after hospitalizations. Pedometer-based interventions are useful to increase physical activity in stable patients with COPD. However, there is little information concerning the implementation of such programs following severe exacerbation. This study assessed the efficacy of a physical activity program after hospitalization for a COPD exacerbation. Methods We performed a prospective, 12-week, parallel group, assessor-blinded, randomized control trial in COPD patients hospitalized for an exacerbation. After discharge, physical activity and other secondary variables were assessed. Patients were allocated (1:1) to a physical activity promotion program (intervention group, IG) or usual care (control group, CG). Based on a motivational interview and accelerometer physical activity assessment, a patient-tailored, pedometer-based, progressive and target-driven program was designed. Linear mixed effect models were used to analyse between-group differences. Results Forty-six out of 61 patients recruited were randomized and 43 (IG = 20, CG = 23) completed the study. In-hospital and baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, the mean steps difference between groups was 2093 steps/day, p = 0.018, 95% CI 376–4012, favouring the IG. Only the IG significantly increased the number of steps/day compared to baseline (mean difference [95% CI] 2932 [1069–4795] steps; p = 0.004). There were no other between-group differences. Conclusion After hospitalization for a COPD exacerbation, a patient-tailored physical activity program based on a motivational interview and the use of pedometers, with progressive and customized targets, improved the number of steps/day.Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Grant/Award Number: 125-2015; Fundació Catalana de Pneumolgia (FUCAP), Grant/Award Number: SILVIA2017-202

Immobilization strategies to functionalize tantalum surfaces with cell-adhesive peptides: physicochemical and biological characterization

Postprint (published version

Spatial dynamics of bovine tuberculosis in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain (2010-2012)

Progress in control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is often not uniform, usually due to the effect of one or more sometimes unknown epidemiological factors impairing the success of eradication programs. Use of spatial analysis can help to identify clusters of persistence of disease, leading to the identification of these factors thus allowing the implementation of targeted control measures, and may provide some insights of disease transmission, particularly when combined with molecular typing techniques. Here, the spatial dynamics of bTB in a high prevalence region of Spain were assessed during a three year period (2010-2012) using data from the eradication campaigns to detect clusters of positive bTB herds and of those infected with certain Mycobacterium bovis strains (characterized using spoligotyping and VNTR typing). In addition, the within-herd transmission coefficient (β) was estimated in infected herds and its spatial distribution and association with other potential outbreak and herd variables was evaluated. Significant clustering of positive herds was identified in the three years of the study in the same location ("high risk area"). Three spoligotypes (SB0339, SB0121 and SB1142) accounted for >70% of the outbreaks detected in the three years. VNTR subtyping revealed the presence of few but highly prevalent strains within the high risk area, suggesting maintained transmission in the area. The spatial autocorrelation found in the distribution of the estimated within-herd transmission coefficients in herds located within distances <14 km and the results of the spatial regression analysis, support the hypothesis of shared local factors affecting disease transmission in farms located at a close proximity

Eradication of bovine tuberculosis at a herd-level in Madrid, Spain: study of within-herd transmission dynamics over a 12 year period

BACKGROUND Eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) through the application of test-and-cull programs is a declared goal of developed countries in which the disease is still endemic. Here, longitudinal data from more than 1,700 cattle herds tested during a 12 year-period in the eradication program in the region of Madrid, Spain, were analyzed to quantify the within-herd transmission coefficient (β) depending on the herd-type (beef/dairy/bullfighting). In addition, the probability to recover the officially bTB free (OTF) status in infected herds depending on the type of herd and the diagnostic strategy implemented was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Overall, dairy herds showed higher β (median 4.7) than beef or bullfighting herds (2.3 and 2.2 respectively). Introduction of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as an ancillary test produced an apparent increase in the β coefficient regardless of production type, likely due to an increase in diagnostic sensitivity. Time to recover OTF status was also significantly lower in dairy herds, and length of bTB episodes was significantly reduced when the IFN-γ was implemented to manage the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that bTB spreads more rapidly in dairy herds compared to other herd types, a likely cause being management and demographic-related factors. However, outbreaks in dairy herds can be controlled more rapidly than in typically extensive herd types. Finally, IFN-γ proved its usefulness to rapidly eradicate bTB at a herd-level

Biodiversity and Multifunctional Features of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Table Olive Biofilms

In the present study, a total of 554 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were obtained from the olive surface of Manzanilla, Gordal, and Aloreña cultivars processed as green Spanish-style or directly brined (natural) olives. The isolates obtained from industrial processes were genotyped by rep-PCR with primer GTG5, collecting a total of 79 different genotypes. The α-biodiversity indexes showed that the LAB diversity was higher in the biofilms on the fruits which followed the Spanish-style process than in those just brined. Sixteen genotypes had a frequency higher &gt;1% and were identified, by multiplex PCR recA gene and 16S gene sequencing, as belonging to Lactobacillus pentosus (n = 13) and Lactobacillus plantarum (n = 3) species. A multivariate analysis based on a dataset with 89,744 cells, including technological (resistance to salt and pH, production of lactic acid, auto and co-aggregation with yeast species, β-glucosidase and esterase activities), and potential probiotic characteristics (survival to gastric and pancreatic digestions, resistance to antibiotics, inhibition of pathogens, presence of bsh genes, cholesterol removal, hemolytic, α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and phytase activities) showed that the 16 genotypes could be grouped into 3 great phenotypes. Thus, the genotype biodiversity in table olive biofilms was limited but, at phenotype level, it was even lower since L. pentosus predominated clearly (80.15% isolates). L. pentosus Lp13 was the genotype with the most promising characteristics for its use as a multifunctional starter, with this strain being and ubiquitous microorganism present in both natural and lye-treated olive fermentations

Sistema de Seguridad del Paciente y Gestión de Riesgos Sanitarios Del modelo corporativo de gestión integrada de la calidad del Servicio Gallego de Salud

La Subdirección General de Atención al Ciudadano y Calidad, del Servicio Gallego de Salud, en consonancia con la Estrategia Sergas 2014 se propuso como objetivo la creación de un Sistema de Seguridad del paciente y que sirviera como hoja de ruta para la mejora de la seguridad asistencial en todos los centros sanitarios públicos gallegos. El equipo de trabajo de la mencionada Subdirección, desarrolló una labor de recopilación y revisión de documentación partiendo de la bibliografía relevante. A continuación se elaboró un primer borrador de trabajo, en el que se propusieron las líneas estratégicas, los objetivos y criterios de evaluación sobre las áreas que se consideraron esenciales y prioritaria

Upgrade of a climate service tailored to water reservoirs management

We present the upgrade of a web tool designed to help in the decision making process for water reservoirs management in Spain. The tool, called S-ClimWaRe (Seasonal Climate predictions in support of Water Reservoirs management), covers the extended winter season (from November to March), when the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern strongly influences the hydrological interannual variability in South-Western Europe. This climate service is fully user driven, and aims at meeting their requirements incorporating recent scientific progress.The research leading to these results has received funding from the MEDSCOPE project co-funded by the European Commission as part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, grant agreement 690462

Evolución histórica da implantación dos videoxogos na sociedade ourensá dende os anos oitenta ata a actualidade

Os últimos cincuenta anos veñen marcados por cambios importantes no ocio dos e das adolescentes, definidos fundamentalmente pola incorporación da tecnoloxía nas súas prácticas, e en particular pola introdución dos videoxogos. Estímase que en España o 80 % dos nenos/as de entre 6 e 10 anos e o 78 % de entre 11 e 14 anos xogan a videoxogos habitualmente (Asociación Española do Videoxogo –AEVI–, 2019). O obxectivo desta investigación foi identificar e describir os cambios nos patróns (tempo e actividades) do uso do tempo libre e do lecer dos e das adolescentes de 12-18 anos ourensáns, dende a introdución dos videoxogos a partir dos anos oitenta ata a actualidade. Para dar resposta formulouse un estudo dende un enfoque metodolóxico cualitativo, recorrendo á entrevista como principal instrumento de recollida de datos. Os resultados evidencian un incremento na cantidade de tempo dedicada aos videoxogos, que pasou de ser unha actividade complementaria a outras, a estar moi presente, así como un cambio no tipo de videoxogos empregados, que pasan de ser xogos máis sociais, onde se xoga en persoa, a xogo en liña. Ponse en valor algunhas das virtualidades do uso dos videoxogos (desenvemento de habilidades cognitivas e motoras), aínda que sobre todo destacan os perigos asociados: adicción, illamento social, competitividade e consumismo. Finalmente, tamén se aprecia unha marcada división sexo/xenérica en relación tanto coa práctica coma coa representación que mostran os videoxogos. Estes resultados son de gran relevancia para implementar políticas socioeducativas