Propiedades psicométricas del pain and sensitivity reactivity scale (psrs) en población neurotípica joven adulta

La investigación de las respuestas sensoriales a los estímulos se ha incrementado en los últimos años, siendo su valoración compleja, ya que se considera una respuesta subjetiva y dependiente de diferencias individuales, pero que está presente tanto en población no-clínica como en población clínica. Existen algunas escalas y cuestionarios para su valoración, pero tienen limitaciones para su posterior uso, están indicados principalmente para población clínica y la mayoría son unidimensionales. La prueba Pain and Sensitivity Reactivity Scale (PSRS) está compuesto por 50 ítems que miden el dolor, la hiposensibilidad e hipersensibilidad. Para su análisis se recogieron los datos mediante una encuesta online respondida por una muestra no clínica de 1122 adolescentes y adultos (M = 22.39, DT = 7.32). En los primeros resultados descriptivos aparecen diferencias de género en algunas de las escalas de la prueba, y una buena consistencia interna tanto para la prueba total como para las escalas que lo componen. Además, en el análisis factorial exploratorio aparecen las tres dimensiones principales de la prueba. Los primeros resultados muestran que la prueba puede ser útil para medir las variables. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes porque podrán poner en referencia el malestar físico, la hiposensibilidad e hipersensibilidad en una muestra neurotípica ofreciendo la posibilidad de contextualizar la evaluación y el manejo de estas variables en población clínica.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The role of strigolactones and the fungal microbiome in rice during drought adaptation

Rice is the most important food crop in the world, feeding over half the world’s population. However, rice water use efficiency, defined by units of yield produced per unit of water used, is the lowest of all crops. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of plant hormones and the root microbiome on drought tolerance in rice. The new plant hormone, strigolactone, was shown to be upregulated under drought and to regulate drought tolerance in interaction with the drought-hormone abscisic acid. Using a large collection of rice genotypes grown in the field, we showed that the composition of the root associated fungal microbiome is determined by the rice genotype and can contribute to drought tolerance. </p

The effect of sulfadiazine in manure on accumulation of sulfonamide resistance genes in freshly consumable plants

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance genes will spread via soil fertilized with animal manure to food products. Especially plants whose harvested products can be consumed freshly are of concern. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sulfadiazine (SDZ)-manured soil on the occurrence of sulfonamide (SA) resistance genes in freshly consumable plants. Methods Sulfadiazine-containing manure was administered via soil to lettuce and leek plants. At harvest, the rhizosphere soil, roots and leaves were investigated on the presence of SDZ-resistant bacteria and sul1 and sul2 genes via qPCR. Further, the impact of SDZ in manure on bacterial community and antibiotic resistance gene composition via amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics was investigated in rhizosphere soils. Results Amendment of SDZ to manure resulted in an increase in sul2 genes in manure. However, abundances of sul genes in rhizosphere soils was strongly determined by plant growth and not by soil treatments with SDZ-manure, which was also the case for the bacterial community composition. Effects of SDZ at low or undetectable levels in leek rhizosphere soil became evident by bacterial association network and resistome analyses, and also in roots and leaves by SDZ-selective bacterial cultivation. Conclusions Antibiotic residues present in animal manure can lead to an increase in antibiotic resistances in food products. Plants play an important role in selection of antibiotic resistance genes present in manured soil. Transmission of antibiotic resistances via manure to the soil–plant ecosystem must be placed into the context of soils as vast reservoirs of ARGs

An improved strategy to analyse strigolactones in complex sample matrices using UHPLC-MS/MS

Background: Strigolactones represent the most recently described group of plant hormones involved in many aspects of plant growth regulation. Simultaneously, root exuded strigolactones mediate rhizosphere signaling towards beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but also attract parasitic plants. The seed germination of parasitic plants induced by host strigolactones leads to serious agricultural problems worldwide. More insight in these signaling molecules is hampered by their extremely low concentrations in complex soil and plant tissue matrices, as well as their instability. So far, the combination of tailored isolation - that would replace current unspecific, time-consuming and labour-intensive processing of large samples - and a highly sensitive method for the simultaneous profiling of a broad spectrum of strigolactones has not been reported. Results: Depending on the sample matrix, two different strategies for the rapid extraction of the seven structurally similar strigolactones and highly efficient single-step pre-concentration on polymeric RP SPE sorbent were developed and validated. Compared to conventional methods, controlled temperature during the extraction and the addition of an organic modifier (acetonitrile, acetone) to the extraction solvent helped to tailor strigolactone isolation from low initial amounts of root tissue (150 mg fresh weight, FW) and root exudate (20 ml), which improved both strigolactone stability and sample purity. We have designed an efficient UHPLC separation with sensitive MS/MS detection for simultaneous analysis of seven natural strigolactones including their biosynthetic precursors - carlactone and carlactonoic acid. In combination with the optimized UHPLC-MS/MS method, attomolar detection limits were achieved. The new method allowed successful profiling of seven strigolactones in small exudate and root tissue samples of four different agriculturally important plant species - sorghum, rice, pea and tomato. Conclusion: The established method provides efficient strigolactone extraction with aqueous mixtures of less nucleophilic organic solvents from small root tissue and root exudate samples, in combination with rapid single-step pre-concentration. This method improves strigolactone stability and eliminates the co-extraction and signal of matrix-associated contaminants during the final UHPLC-MS/MS analysis with an electrospray interface, which dramatically increases the overall sensitivity of the analysis. We show that the method can be applied to a variety of plant species.</p

Plant host and drought shape the root associated fungal microbiota in rice

International audienceBackground and Aim: Water is an increasingly scarce resource while some crops, such as paddy rice, require large amounts of water to maintain grain production. A better understanding of rice drought adaptation and tolerance mechanisms could help to reduce this problem. There is evidence of a possible role of root-associated fungi in drought adaptation. Here, we analyzed the endospheric fungal microbiota composition in rice and its relation to plant genotype and drought.Methods: Fifteen rice genotypes (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) were grown in the field, under well-watered conditions or exposed to a drought period during flowering. The effect of genotype and treatment on the root fungal microbiota composition was analyzed by 18S ribosomal DNA high throughput sequencing. Grain yield was determined after plant maturation.Results: There was a host genotype effect on the fungal community composition. Drought altered the composition of the root-associated fungal community and increased fungal biodiversity. The majority of OTUs identified belonged to the Pezizomycotina subphylum and 37 of these significantly correlated with a higher plant yield under drought, one of them being assigned to Arthrinium phaeospermum.Conclusion: This study shows that both plant genotype and drought affect the root-associated fungal community in rice and that some fungi correlate with improved drought tolerance. This work opens new opportunities for basic research on the understanding of how the host affects microbiota recruitment as well as the possible use of specific fungi to improve drought tolerance in rice

Data underlying the publication: Chitin- and keratin-rich soil amendments suppress Rhizoctonia solani disease via changes to the soil microbial community

Microbial and chemical-physical data from soil samples treated with ten organic products were selected to assess their potential to enhance disease suppression in soil. After the products were amended into two different arable soils, pot experiments were performed to assess soil suppressiveness against the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. In addition, several soil characteristics were analyzed, as well as the bacterial and fungal community composition and how microorganisms interact within these communities, to better understand the effect of the organic amendments on creating disease suppressive soils

Data underlying the publication "Genetic Mapping of the Root Mycobiota in rice and its Role in Drought Tolerance"

Microbial and genomic data from root samples from rice plants grown under flooded and drought conditions, to unravel the genetic factors involved in the rice-microbe interaction,&nbsp;and whether genetics play a role in rice drought tolerance. Root mycobiota was characterized (18S SSU rRNA) in 296 rice accessions (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) under control and drought conditions. Genome wide association mapping (GWAS) resulted in the identification of ten significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with root-associated fungi.&nbsp;</p

Data underlying the publication "Genetic Mapping of the Root Mycobiota in rice and its Role in Drought Tolerance"

Microbial and genomic data from root samples from rice plants grown under flooded and drought conditions, to unravel the genetic factors involved in the rice-microbe interaction,&nbsp;and whether genetics play a role in rice drought tolerance. Root mycobiota was characterized (18S SSU rRNA) in 296 rice accessions (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) under control and drought conditions. Genome wide association mapping (GWAS) resulted in the identification of ten significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with root-associated fungi.&nbsp;</p

Transmission of escherichia coli from manure to root zones of field-grown lettuce and leek plants

Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are responsible for food-borne disease outbreaks upon consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. The aim of this study was to establish the transmission route of E. coli strain 0611, as proxy for human pathogenic E. coli, via manure, soil and plant root zones to the above-soil plant compartments. The ecological behavior of the introduced strain was established by making use of a combination of cultivation-based and molecular targeted and untargeted approaches. Strain 0611 CFUs and specific molecular targets were detected in the root zones of lettuce and leek plants, even up to 272 days after planting in the case of leek plants. However, no strain 0611 colonies were detected in leek leaves, and only in one occasion a single colony was found in lettuce leaves. Therefore, it was concluded that transmission of E. coli via manure is not the principal contamination route to the edible parts of both plant species grown under field conditions in this study. Strain 0611 was shown to accumulate in root zones of both species and metagenomic reads of this strain were retrieved from the lettuce rhizosphere soil metagenome library at a level of Log 4.11 CFU per g dry soil