1,115 research outputs found
Implementing strength training strategies for injury prevention in soccer: scientific rationale and methodological recommendations
Due to the negative effects that injuries have on performance, club finances, and long-term player health (permanent disability after a severe injury), prevention strategies are an essential part of both sports medicine and performance.
Purpose: This commentary aims to summarize the current evidence regarding strength training (ST) for injury prevention in soccer and to inform their evidence-based implementation in research and applied settings.
Conclusions: The contemporary literature suggests ST proposed as traditional resistance, eccentric, and flywheel training may be valid methods to reduce the injury risk in soccer players. Training strategies involving multiple components (e.g., a combination of strength, balance, plyometrics) which include strength exercises are effective at reducing non-contact injuries in female soccer. Additionally, the body of research current published support the use of eccentric training in sports, which offers unique physiological responses compared to other resistance exercise modalities. It seems that the Nordic hamstring exercise, in particular, is a viable option for the reduction of hamstring injuries in soccer players. Moreover, flywheel training has specific training peculiarities and advantages which are related to the combination of both concentric and eccentric contraction, which may play an important role in injury prevention. It is authors’ opinion strength and conditioning coaches should integrate the ST methods here proposed in their weekly training routine to reduce the likelihood of injuries in their players, however, further research is needed to verify the advantages and disadvantages of these training methods to injury prevention using specific cohorts of soccer players
Stability properties of black holes in self-gravitating nonlinear electrodynamics
We analyze the dynamical stability of black hole solutions in
self-gravitating nonlinear electrodynamics with respect to arbitrary linear
fluctuations of the metric and the electromagnetic field. In particular, we
derive simple conditions on the electromagnetic Lagrangian which imply linear
stability in the domain of outer communication. We show that these conditions
hold for several of the regular black hole solutions found by Ayon-Beato and
Garcia.Comment: 15 pages, no figure
Deeper discussion of Schr\"odinger invariant and Logarithmic sectors of higher-curvature gravity
The aim of this paper is to explore D-dimensional theories of pure gravity
whose space of solutions contains certain class of AdS-waves, including in
particular Schrodinger invariant spacetimes. This amounts to consider higher
order theories, and the natural case to start with is to analyze generic
square-curvature corrections to Einstein-Hilbert action. In this case, the
Schrodinger invariant sector in the space of solutions arises for a special
relation between the coupling constants appearing in the action. On the other
hand, besides the Schrodinger invariant configurations, logarithmic branches
similar to those of the so-called Log-gravity are also shown to emerge for
another special choice of the coupling constants. These Log solutions can be
interpreted as the superposition of the massless mode of General Relativity and
two scalar modes that saturate the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound (BF) of the AdS
space on which they propagate. These solutions are higher-dimensional analogues
of those appearing in three-dimensional massive gravities with relaxed AdS_3
asymptotic. Other sectors of the space of solutions of higher-curvature
theories correspond to oscillatory configurations, which happen to be below the
BF bound. Also, there is a fully degenerated sector, for which any wave profile
is admitted. We comment on the relation between this degeneracy and the
non-renormalization of the dynamical exponent of the Schrodinger spaces. Our
analysis also includes more general gravitational actions with non-polynomial
corrections consisting of arbitrary functions of the square-curvature
invariants. The same sectors of solutions are shown to exist for this more
general family of theories. We finally consider the Chern-Simons modified
gravity in four dimensions, for which we derive both the Schrodinger invariant
as well as the logarithmic sectors.Comment: This paper is dedicated to the memory of Laurent Houar
Co-Release of GABA Does Not Occur at Glycinergic Synapses onto Lumbar Motoneurons in Juvenile Mice
The fast inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and GABA are co-localized in synaptic terminals of inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord and co-released onto lumbar motoneurons in neonatal rats. We performed whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments on spinal cord preparations obtained from juvenile (P8–14) mice to determine whether inhibitory currents exhibited GABAergic components in motoneurons of animals of weight-bearing age. Subsequently we established whether or not GABA is co-released at glycinergic synapses onto motoneurons by determining if it conferred modulatory effects on the kinetics of glycinergic currents. Exponential fitting analysis showed that evoked and miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) were best-fitted with a single decay time constant. Responses recorded from connected interneuron-motoneuron pairs showed no effect of a benzodiazepine or a GABAA receptor antagonist. Similarly IPSCs evoked by extracellular stimulation and miniature IPSCs were not affected by either agent, indicating the absence of co-detection. Experimental manipulation of the relative content of pre-synaptic GABA and glycine conferred no effect on post-synaptic responses. It is thus unlikely that GABA is co-released in biologically relevant amounts at glycinergic synapses onto lumbar motoneurons in mice of this age
Tricritical gravity waves in the four-dimensional generalized massive gravity
We construct a generalized massive gravity by combining quadratic curvature
gravity with the Chern-Simons term in four dimensions. This may be a candidate
for the parity-odd tricritical gravity theory. Considering the AdS vacuum
solution, we derive the linearized Einstein equation, which is not similar to
that of the three dimensional (3D) generalized massive gravity. When a
perturbed metric tensor is chosen to be the Kerr-Schild form, the linearized
equation reduces to a single massive scalar equation. At the tricritical points
where two masses are equal to -1 and 2, we obtain a log-square wave solution to
the massive scalar equation. This is compared to the 3D tricritical generalized
massive gravity whose dual is a rank-3 logarithmic conformal field theory.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in EPJ
Non-Singular Charged Black Hole Solution for Non-Linear Source
A non-singular exact black hole solution in General Relativity is presented.
The source is a non-linear electromagnetic field, which reduces to the Maxwell
theory for weak field. The solution corresponds to a charged black hole with
|q| \leq 2s_c m \approx 0.6 m, having metric, curvature invariants, and
electric field bounded everywhere.Comment: 3 pages, RevTe
Renormalizability of Massive Gravity in Three Dimensions
We discuss renormalizability of a recently established, massive gravity
theory with particular higher derivative terms in three space-time dimensions.
It is shown that this massive gravity is certainly renormalizable as well as
unitary, so it gives us a physically interesting toy model of perturbative
quantum gravity in three dimensions.Comment: 13 pages, no figure
The Ebola crisis and people with disabilities' access to healthcare and government services in Liberia
BACKGROUND: There has been little research on the impact of the 2014-2015 West African Ebola crisis on people with disabilities. This paper outlines the way in which the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Liberia in 2015 highlighted existing inequalities and exclusion of people with disabilities and their households. METHODS: The results presented here are part of a larger ESRC/DFID-funded mixed methods research project in Liberia (2014-2017) which included a quantitative household survey undertaken in five counties, complemented by qualitative focus group discussions and interviews with people with disabilities and other key stakeholders. Uniquely, this research gathered information about people with disabilities' experience of the EVD outbreak, as well as additional socioeconomic and inclusion data, that compared their experience with non-disabled community members. RESULTS: Reflections by people with disabilities themselves show knowledge, preparation, and responses to the EVD epidemic was often markedly different among people with disabilities due to limited resources, lack of inclusion by many mainstream public health and medical interventions and pre-existing discrimination, marginalisation and exclusion. Interviews with other key stakeholder revealed a lack of awareness of disability issues or sufficient training to include this population systematically in both Ebola response activities and general health services. Key findings include the need to understand and mitigate direct and indirect health consequences of unequal responses to the epidemic, as well as the limited capacity of healthcare and social services to respond to people with disabilities. CONCLUSION: There are lessons to be learned from Ebola outbreak around inclusion of people with disabilities, relevant to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Now is the time to undertake measures to ensure that people with disabilities do not continue to be marginalised and excluded during global public health emergencies
Birkhoff's Theorem for Three-Dimensional AdS Gravity
All three-dimensional matter-free spacetimes with negative cosmological
constant, compatible with cyclic symmetry are identified. The only cyclic
solutions are the 2+1 (BTZ) black hole with SO(2) x R isometry, and the
self-dual Coussaert-Henneaux spacetimes, with isometry groups SO(2) x SO(2,1)
or SO(2) x SO(2).Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX4; minor typos corrected, Ref. added, accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
No chiral truncation of quantum log gravity?
At the classical level, chiral gravity may be constructed as a consistent
truncation of a larger theory called log gravity by requiring that left-moving
charges vanish. In turn, log gravity is the limit of topologically massive
gravity (TMG) at a special value of the coupling (the chiral point). We study
the situation at the level of linearized quantum fields, focussing on a unitary
quantization. While the TMG Hilbert space is continuous at the chiral point,
the left-moving Virasoro generators become ill-defined and cannot be used to
define a chiral truncation. In a sense, the left-moving asymptotic symmetries
are spontaneously broken at the chiral point. In contrast, in a non-unitary
quantization of TMG, both the Hilbert space and charges are continuous at the
chiral point and define a unitary theory of chiral gravity at the linearized
level.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, references adde
- …