MORPHOLOGICAL AND MERISTIC DIFFERENCES AMONG FRESHWATER FISH, CYPRINION KAIS (CYPRINIDAE) POPULATIONS IN TIGRIS RIVER OF SOUTHEAST TURKEY

In this study, morphometric and meristic characteristics of Cyprinion kais samples which is obtained from different locality in Tigris River were carried out. In order to determine the morphological and meristic variation among populations, discriminant function can be detected, intergroup discrimination with the help of this function are the most distinctive variables affecting the availability of discriminant analysis , has benefited from the descriptive features. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the result of discriminant analysis of morphometric characteristics of C. kais individuals belonging to 3 different locality of Tigris River is manifested as 96.1%. According to the results of classifications, morphometric characteristics of the individuals of Kulp and Kayser Stream and Tigris River are different. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the discriminant analysis of meristic characteristics of C. kais individuals appeared as 70.6%. Kulp and Kayser Stream from the locality groups showed similarity. It is determined that there is high variation between the locality groups belonging the samples of C. kais according to the morphometric and meristic characteristics. KEYWORDS: In this study, morphometric and meristic characteristics of Cyprinion kais samples which is obtained from different locality in Tigris River were carried out. In order to determine the morphological and meristic variation among populations, discriminant function can be detected, intergroup discrimination with the help of this function are the most distinctive variables affecting the availability of discriminant analysis , has benefited from the descriptive features. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the result of discriminant analysis of morphometric characteristics of C. kais individuals belonging to 3 different locality of Tigris River is manifested as 96.1%. According to the results of classifications, morphometric characteristics of the individuals of Kulp and Kayser Stream and Tigris River are different. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the discriminant analysis of meristic characteristics of C. kais individuals appeared as 70.6%. Kulp and Kayser Stream from the locality groups showed similarity. It is determined that there is high variation between the locality groups belonging the samples of C. kais according to the morphometric and meristic characteristics

Capoeta capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt 1772)’nın Serum Proteinleri ve Doku Histopatolojisi Üzerine Kobalt (II) Klorür’ün Toksik Etkileri

In this study, the effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCI2) on Capoeta capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt 1772) were investigated by electrophoretic and histopathological methods. The fish from Kars Creek were placed in 500 liters tanks and they made to adapt into the medium for 15 days. Later, they were divided into 3 groups. The fish in the 1st group were held in normal water, 2nd and 3rd groups were held in the water containing 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L CoCl2, respectively for 10 days. At the end of this period, blood and tissue samples were taken from the fish for electrophoresis and histopathological examinations. Serum samples obtained were run in Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Tissue samples were fixed in %10 formaldehyde solution. Paraffin blocks were prepared by routine histological methods and slices 4-5 μ thickness were performed. The slices obtained were dyed with hematoxylen and eosin dying method and examined under light microscope. Thinnings in various protein types were observed in experimental groups in comparison to the control group in the electrophoregram. These thinnings were more in the group that 1 mg/L CoCl2 applied. In addition, formation of a 32.4 kD new protein band was observed in the group that 1 mg/L was applied; and 33.3 kD, 30.6 kD, and 28.2 kD new protein bands were observed in the group that 2 mg/L CoCl2 applied. In histopathological evaluations, an increase in the level of degeneration was observed in the livers and intestines tissues of the experimental fish groups in parallel to the increase of the dose. Due to the changes both in the serum protein expressions and in the tissues, we conclude that Cobalt can be dangerous at higher concentrations....

Encapsulation of PEG-Urease/PEG-AlaDH within sheep erythrocytes and determination of the system's activity in lowering blood levels of urea in animal models

WOS: 000248721800005PubMed ID: 17701485Urease and AlaDH enzymes immobilized on active PEG derivatives were encapsulated at different ratios within sheep erythrocytes and their activity, encapsulation yields and erythrocyte recovery levels were assessed. Encapsulated derivatives were administered at given dosages and at given intervals to sheep having raised blood urea levels as a result of addition of urea to their feed, and the lowering of their blood urea levels and the change in the amount of ammonia were followed. Results were analyzed using day related NPar. Wilcoxon Signet Ranks test. It was found that 1 ml of PEG-enzyme preparation comprising PEG-urease/PEG-AlaDH at an activity ratio of 3/9 U:U/ml remained active for a period of 2 days, whereas 1 ml erythrocyte preparation, prepared under the same conditions and containing PEG-urease/PEG-AlaDH at an activity ratio of 2.15/4.5 U:U/ml, showed activity for a period of 6 days. It was shown that a single dose achieved a daily decrease of 21.7-61.6 mg/L in the blood urea level, and created no significant increase in the blood ammonia levels. No antigenic effect was observed for the PEG-enzyme preparations in the immunological test carried out

Species Composition And Seasonal Dynamics Of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) In Igdir Plain, Turkey

A total of 24.752 larvae consisting of fourteen mosquito species (Aedes vexans, Anopheles hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.s., Culex deserticola, Cx. laticinctus, Cx. martinii, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. territans, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. dorsalis) were collected from permanent and temporary breeding areas in Igdir plain (Ararat Valley) from July through October, 2005 and April through October, 2006 periods. The most dominant species was Oc. dorsalis (33.69% of total catch) followed by An. maculipennis s.s. (23.02%), Ae. vexans (15.19%), Cx. theileri (11.3%), Oc. caspius (10.33%) and Cx. pipiens (2.25%). Except Oc. caspius, all of the species could be sampled in permanent breeding areas. On the other hand, only five species (Oc. dorsalis, Ae. vexans, Oc. caspius, Cx. theileri and An. maculipennis s.s.) were found in temporary breeding areas. The ratio of An. sacharovi in Maculipennis complex was 6.5% in Igdir plain

Carotid Body Tumors and Our Surgical Approaches

Glomus tumors known as paragangliomas are neoplasms arising from the neural crest. They are named according to the place they originate from. Tumors originating from the carotid body at the carotid bifurcation are called Carotid Body Tumors (CBT). Surgical intervention is planned according to the Shamblin classification. 17 patients were operated after being diagnosed with CBT in our clinic between February 2007 and June 2010. 12 (70.5%) of the patients were male, and 5 (29.4%) of the patients were female. The average age was 42 (ages ranging between 32 and 47). Nine of the patients were diagnosed and treated with Shamblin type I tumor, seven of the patients with type II and one patient with type III. Only one patient had bilateral carotid tumor. In all patients with Shamblin type I and II, blunt dissection of the tumor was conducted smoothly by means of thermal cautery in the subadventitial plane. The patient with Shamblin type III had tumor invasion in the carotid artery and adjacent tissues were in an adherent state. Therefore mass resection was carried out by resecting 2 cm of the distal portion of the common carotid artery and 3 cm of the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery. 6 mm of synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene graft was interpositioned between the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery. External carotid artery was anastomosed to this graft in an end-to-end fashion. The patient developed vocal cord paralysis postoperatively on the lesion side. The patient who underwent bilateral tumor excision developed Baroreflex Failure Syndrome. In the two patients thrombus developed in the internal carotid artery in the early postoperative period. These patients underwent thrombectomy and developed hemiplegia on the lesion side. One of them died on the seventh post-operative day while in follow-up in the intensive care unit. Surgical resection is the recommended treatment for carotid body tumors. Shamblin I and II type tumors’ dimensions and pathological characteristics allow dissection. However Shamblin III tumors may require carotid artery resection and reconstruction due to tissue invasion. The possibility of post-operative cranial nerve paralysis and arterial thrombosis should be taken into account