MORPHOLOGICAL AND MERISTIC DIFFERENCES AMONG FRESHWATER FISH, CYPRINION KAIS (CYPRINIDAE) POPULATIONS IN TIGRIS RIVER OF SOUTHEAST TURKEY

In this study, morphometric and meristic characteristics of Cyprinion kais samples which is obtained from different locality in Tigris River were carried out. In order to determine the morphological and meristic variation among populations, discriminant function can be detected, intergroup discrimination with the help of this function are the most distinctive variables affecting the availability of discriminant analysis , has benefited from the descriptive features. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the result of discriminant analysis of morphometric characteristics of C. kais individuals belonging to 3 different locality of Tigris River is manifested as 96.1%. According to the results of classifications, morphometric characteristics of the individuals of Kulp and Kayser Stream and Tigris River are different. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the discriminant analysis of meristic characteristics of C. kais individuals appeared as 70.6%. Kulp and Kayser Stream from the locality groups showed similarity. It is determined that there is high variation between the locality groups belonging the samples of C. kais according to the morphometric and meristic characteristics. KEYWORDS: In this study, morphometric and meristic characteristics of Cyprinion kais samples which is obtained from different locality in Tigris River were carried out. In order to determine the morphological and meristic variation among populations, discriminant function can be detected, intergroup discrimination with the help of this function are the most distinctive variables affecting the availability of discriminant analysis , has benefited from the descriptive features. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the result of discriminant analysis of morphometric characteristics of C. kais individuals belonging to 3 different locality of Tigris River is manifested as 96.1%. According to the results of classifications, morphometric characteristics of the individuals of Kulp and Kayser Stream and Tigris River are different. Success rate of classifying the groups according to the discriminant analysis of meristic characteristics of C. kais individuals appeared as 70.6%. Kulp and Kayser Stream from the locality groups showed similarity. It is determined that there is high variation between the locality groups belonging the samples of C. kais according to the morphometric and meristic characteristics

Capoeta capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt 1772)’nın Serum Proteinleri ve Doku Histopatolojisi Üzerine Kobalt (II) Klorür’ün Toksik Etkileri

In this study, the effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCI2) on Capoeta capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt 1772) were investigated by electrophoretic and histopathological methods. The fish from Kars Creek were placed in 500 liters tanks and they made to adapt into the medium for 15 days. Later, they were divided into 3 groups. The fish in the 1st group were held in normal water, 2nd and 3rd groups were held in the water containing 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L CoCl2, respectively for 10 days. At the end of this period, blood and tissue samples were taken from the fish for electrophoresis and histopathological examinations. Serum samples obtained were run in Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Tissue samples were fixed in %10 formaldehyde solution. Paraffin blocks were prepared by routine histological methods and slices 4-5 μ thickness were performed. The slices obtained were dyed with hematoxylen and eosin dying method and examined under light microscope. Thinnings in various protein types were observed in experimental groups in comparison to the control group in the electrophoregram. These thinnings were more in the group that 1 mg/L CoCl2 applied. In addition, formation of a 32.4 kD new protein band was observed in the group that 1 mg/L was applied; and 33.3 kD, 30.6 kD, and 28.2 kD new protein bands were observed in the group that 2 mg/L CoCl2 applied. In histopathological evaluations, an increase in the level of degeneration was observed in the livers and intestines tissues of the experimental fish groups in parallel to the increase of the dose. Due to the changes both in the serum protein expressions and in the tissues, we conclude that Cobalt can be dangerous at higher concentrations....

Encapsulation of PEG-Urease/PEG-AlaDH within sheep erythrocytes and determination of the system's activity in lowering blood levels of urea in animal models

WOS: 000248721800005PubMed ID: 17701485Urease and AlaDH enzymes immobilized on active PEG derivatives were encapsulated at different ratios within sheep erythrocytes and their activity, encapsulation yields and erythrocyte recovery levels were assessed. Encapsulated derivatives were administered at given dosages and at given intervals to sheep having raised blood urea levels as a result of addition of urea to their feed, and the lowering of their blood urea levels and the change in the amount of ammonia were followed. Results were analyzed using day related NPar. Wilcoxon Signet Ranks test. It was found that 1 ml of PEG-enzyme preparation comprising PEG-urease/PEG-AlaDH at an activity ratio of 3/9 U:U/ml remained active for a period of 2 days, whereas 1 ml erythrocyte preparation, prepared under the same conditions and containing PEG-urease/PEG-AlaDH at an activity ratio of 2.15/4.5 U:U/ml, showed activity for a period of 6 days. It was shown that a single dose achieved a daily decrease of 21.7-61.6 mg/L in the blood urea level, and created no significant increase in the blood ammonia levels. No antigenic effect was observed for the PEG-enzyme preparations in the immunological test carried out

Species Composition And Seasonal Dynamics Of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) In Igdir Plain, Turkey

A total of 24.752 larvae consisting of fourteen mosquito species (Aedes vexans, Anopheles hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.s., Culex deserticola, Cx. laticinctus, Cx. martinii, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. territans, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. dorsalis) were collected from permanent and temporary breeding areas in Igdir plain (Ararat Valley) from July through October, 2005 and April through October, 2006 periods. The most dominant species was Oc. dorsalis (33.69% of total catch) followed by An. maculipennis s.s. (23.02%), Ae. vexans (15.19%), Cx. theileri (11.3%), Oc. caspius (10.33%) and Cx. pipiens (2.25%). Except Oc. caspius, all of the species could be sampled in permanent breeding areas. On the other hand, only five species (Oc. dorsalis, Ae. vexans, Oc. caspius, Cx. theileri and An. maculipennis s.s.) were found in temporary breeding areas. The ratio of An. sacharovi in Maculipennis complex was 6.5% in Igdir plain

Treatment delays and in-hospital outcomes in acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide study

Objective: Delayed admission of myocardial infarction (MI) patients is an important prognostic factor. In the present nationwide registry (TURKMI-2), we evaluated the treatment delays and outcomes of patients with acute MI during the Covid-19 pandemic and compaired with a recent pre-pandemic registry (TURKMI-1). Methods: The pandemic and pre-pandemic studies were conducted prospectively as 15-day snapshot registries in the same 48 centers. The inclusion criteria for both registries were aged ?18 years and a final diagnosis of acute MI (AMI) with positive troponin levels. The only difference between the 2 registries was that the pre-pandemic (TURKMI-1) registry (n=1872) included only patients presenting within the first 48 hours after symptom-onset. TURKMI-2 enrolled all consecutive patients (n=1113) presenting with AMI during the pandemic period. Results: A comparison of the patients with acute MI presenting within the 48-hour of symptom-onset in the pre-pandemic and pandemic registries revealed an overall 47.1% decrease in acute MI admissions during the pandemic. Median time from symptom-onset to hospital-arrival increased from 150 min to 185 min in patients with ST elevation MI (STEMI) and 295 min to 419 min in patients presenting with non-STEMI (NSTEMI) (p-values 0.001). Door-to-balloon time was similar in the two periods (37 vs. 40 min, p=0.448). In the pandemic period, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) decreased, especially in the NSTEMI group (60.3% vs. 47.4% in NSTEMI, p0.001; 94.8% vs. 91.1% in STEMI, p=0.013) but the decrease was not significant in STEMI patients admitted within 12 hours of symptom-onset (94.9% vs. 92.1%; p=0.075). In-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were significantly increased during the pandemic period [4.8% vs. 8.9%; p0.001; age- and sex-adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) 1.96 (1.20-3.22) for NSTEMI, p=0.007; and 2.08 (1.38-3.13) for STEMI, p0.001]. Conclusion: The present comparison of 2 nationwide registries showed a significant delay in treatment of patients presenting with acute MI during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although PCI was performed in a timely fashion, an increase in treatment delay might be responsible for the increased risk of MACE. Public education and establishing COVID-free hospitals are necessary to overcome patients' fear of using healthcare services and mitigate the potential complications of AMI during the pandemic. © 2020 by Turkish Society of Cardiology