Mechanical behavior of high performance cement-based composites

Yüksek ve ultra yüksek dayanımlı yalın betonlarda yutulan bağıl enerji düşük olduğundan bu malzemelere kısa kesilmiş çelik teller eklenerek sünek davranış elde edilmektedir. Böylece, son yıllarda basınç dayanımları 200 MPa’ı aşan yeni çimento esaslı sünek kompozitler geliştirildi. Bu malzemeler düşük geçirimlilik, geliştirilmiş dürabilite, sınırlı rötre ve korozyon dayanımının arttırılması gibi diğer yüksek performans özeliklerini de sağlar. Sunulan çalışma yüksek dayanımlı betonlar (YDB) ile homojen dağılı ultra incelikteki taneleri içeren yoğunlaştırılmış sistemleri (DSP), büyük kusurlarından arındırılmış (MDF) çimentoyu, geleneksel çelik tel donatılı betonları (ÇTDB), karma lif donatılı betonları, reaktif pudra betonları (RPC) gibi ultra yüksek dayanımlı çimento esaslı kompozitleri, yüksek oranda çelik tel içeren çimento bulamacı (SIFCON), kendiliğinden yerleşen betonu, sentetik lif donatılı betonları, erken yaşlardaki rötresi düşük yüksek dayanımlı yarı hafif betonu ve yangına dayanıklı polipropilen lif donatılı yüksek dayanımlı betonu gözden geçirmektedir.  Anahtar Kelimeler: Çelik lif, kendiliğinden yerleşen beton, polipropilen lif, reaktif pudra betonu, sifcon, yüksek dayanımlı beton.Since the relative absorbed energy during the fracture of concrete is low in both high strength and ultra high strength plain concretes, short cut steel fibers are added in these materials to obtain ductile behavior. In recent years, however, new cement-based materials have been developed which have compressive strengths over 200 MPa. These materials provide other high performance properties; such as low permeability, improved durability, limited shrinkage and increased corrosion resistance. This work reviews high strength concretes (HSCs) and some new cement based materials such as the Densified Systems containing homogeneously arranged ultra-fine Particles (DSP), Macro-Defect-Free (MDF) cement, conventional Steel Fiber Reinforced Conretes (SFRCs), concretes with hybrid fibers, ultra high strength cement-based composites such as Reactive Powder Conretes (RPCs), Slurry Infiltrated Fibered Concrete (SIFCON), Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concretes (SFRCs), Semi-Lightweight Concretes (SLWCs) with low shrinkage at early ages, and high strength polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete against fire. Keywords: High strength concrete, polypropylene fiber, reactive powder concrete, self-compacting concrete, sifcon, steel fiber

Optimum design of cement-based composite materials

Bu çalışmada, çelik tel narinliği ve içeriğinin eğilme halinde Çelik Tel Donatılı Betonun kırılma parametrelerine etkisi araştırılmakta ve bu parametreler optimize edilerek daha sünek ve daha düşük maliyetli beton elde edilmektedir. Optimum tasarım için, üç-düzeyli iki faktörlü tam deneysel tasarım, Tepki Yüzey Yöntemi ve çok amaçlı sayısal optimizasyon teknikleri kullanılmaktadır. Çelik telin narinliği ve içeriğinin özgül kırılma enerjisi ve karakteristik boya etkisinin belirgin olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır. Daha sonra, agrega konsantrasyonunun betonun kırılma ve mekanik özeliklerine etkisi incelenmektedir. Kırılma enerjisinin belirlenmesi için RILEM TC 50-FMC standardına göre çentikli kirişler üzerinde üç noktalı eğilme deneyi yapılmıştır. Betonda agrega konsantrasyonunun artımı kırılma enerjisi ve karakteristik boy gibi kırılma özeliklerini belirgin biçimde iyileştirmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çelik tel, yarma-çekme dayanımı, eğilme dayanımı, agrega konsantrasyonu, kırılma enerjisi, karakteristik boy, tepki yüzey yöntemi, çok amaçlı optimizasyon.In this study, the main objective is to optimise the fracture parameters of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concretes for obtaining a more ductile behaviour than that of plain concrete. The effects of the aspect ratio and volume content of steel fibre on fracture properties of concrete in bending were investigated by measuring the specific fracture energy and characteristic length. For the optimum design, three-level full factorial experimental design, Response Surface Method and numerical optimisation techniques were used. The results show that the effects of fibre volume content and aspect ratio on specific fracture energy and characteristic length are significant. On the other hand, the effect of aggregate concentration on the fracture and mechanical behaviour of plain concrete under bending was investigated. For the determination of the fracture energy the three-point bending test was performed on notched beams according to the recommendation of the RILEM 50-FMC Technical Committee. Six control mixes ranging from hardened cement paste (hcp) to normal concrete were prepared in which the aggregate grading, water/cement ratio (w/c=0.316), and maximum aggregate size were kept constant, but the volume fraction of aggregate was changed as: 0.00 (hcp); 0.15; 0.30; 0.45; 0.60 and 0.68 m3/m3 (real concrete). Experimental results shows that modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, net bending strength, fracture energy and characteristic length increases significantly with increasing aggregate concentration. Keywords: Steel fibre, splitting strength, bending strength, aggregate concentration, fracture energy, characteristic length, response surface method, multiobjective optimization

Potential Analysis for Further Nature Conservation in Azerbaijan: A Spatial and Political Investment Strategy

Financed by the MAVA Foundation (Switzerland), the Michael Succow Foundation (MSF), in cooperation with various experts from Azerbaijan, conducted a detailed gap analysis of potential future protected areas in Azerbaijan. This report presents the results of this project and constitutes a part of the strategy of the MSF: to provide sound background information on the biological value and its further potential for protection in Azerbaijan. From the very beginning of the foundation’s engagement in Azerbaijan nine years ago, the sciencebased protection of landscapes and species has been the main focus of our work in the country.researc

Prediction model for hardened state properties of silica fume and fly ash based seawater concrete incorporating silicomanganese slag

Growing concrete consumption has gradually depleted conventional resources. This research incorporates silicomanganese (SiMn) slag, marine sand and seawater as alternative concreting materials. The use of SiMn slag to replace limestone as coarse aggregate enhances sustainability, though reducing strength and durability of concrete. This research aims to enhance the SiMn slag concrete by incorporating silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA). The interaction of SF and FA on strength, durability and workability of concrete is investigated by statistically evaluating the experimental result. In this regard, the polynomial function prediction model is developed using the Response Surface Method (RSM) for the optimization of SF and FA contents. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using p-value at significance level of 0.05 showed that the models were statistically significant and had marginal residual errors. All models had high fitness with R2 value ranging from 0.853 to 0.999. Adequate precision of models was above 4, indicating that the models had a low prediction error and were fit for optimization. Optimization indicated that a combination of 11.5% SF and 16.3% FA produced concrete that met the optimization criteria. Experimental validation showed that the highest prediction error was 3.4% for compressive strength, 3.2% for tensile strength, 4.9% for sorptivity and 18% for chloride permeability. The optimized concrete exhibited compact microstructure with good bonding between aggregate and cement paste. By using the established linear equation with SiMn slag concrete, the models also predicted the compressive strength of limestone concrete containing SF and FA with an error of between 0.9% and 5.4%