The role of social determinant of health in couples’ infertility

Background: Infertility is a medical and social status that can cause social, emotional and psychological disturbances in infertile couples. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of social determinants of health among infertile couples.   Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 6 months. The participants in this study were infertile couples referring to Tabriz Jahade Daneshgahi Infertility Treatment Center which is one of the referral centers for infertility treatment in northwestern Iran. Self-administered questionnaire with closed questions was provided to the participants using a Likert scale to collect data. The questionnaire included demographic data including age, sex, occupation, place of living, income, history of the cause and duration of infertility and social protection of individuals.     Results: The total number of participants was 205, with a mean age of 6.89±33.78 years. In examining the cause of infertility, 66 (39.1%) had male infertility, 48 (28.4%) had female infertility, 54 (32%) had both female and male, and one case (0.6%) with an unknown cause. In different levels of education, the male factor as a cause of infertility in each level was more prevalent, which showed a significant difference only at the level of the bachelor's degree.In examining the degree of satisfaction with utilizing existing opportunities and facilities in a society based on the income of the participants in the study; all those with the lowest degree of satisfaction belong to the lowest income group of the community.   Conclusion: Social factors influencing health have greatly influenced the incidence and cause of couples’ infertility who want to have a child

The effect of platelet-rich plasma on the improvement of pregnancy results in repeated implantation failure: A randomized controlled trial

Background: The success rate of infertility treatment depends on many different factors. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the improvement of pregnancy outcomes in participants with repeated implantation failure. Materials and Methods: The study is a randomized triple-blind clinical trial. The study population was 118 women with repeated implantation failure during assisted reproductive technology treatment at Tabriz Jihad-e Daneshgahi ART Center from May 2017 to December 2019. Intervention: Intrauterine injection of autologous PRP. Standard treatment of fetal transfer to the uterine cavity was performed without intrauterine PRP injection in the control group: After 4 wk, the level of β-human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in participants’ blood was measured. Results: Comparing the effect of intrauterine injection of PRP in 2 groups showed the level of β-human chorionic gonadotropin positive in the intervention group was 21 (43.8%), in the control group was 12 (26.1%), odds ratio = 2.20 (0.92-5.26) and p = 0.073. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect in the intervention group compared to the control regarding the outcome of a successful pregnancy showed that intrauterine injection of PRP can be effective in improving pregnancy outcomes, although this improvement is not significant. Key words: Platelet-rich plasma, Pregnancy results, Embryo implantation

Improving adolescents’ health by identifying behavioral risk factors and protective factors

Global School Based Student Health Survey (GSHS

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplement on Prevention of Recurrence of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women with a History of Preeclampsia

Introduction. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome. One of the hypotheses concerning the etiology of preeclampsia is vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. Method and Materials. The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial which aims to determine the effect of vitamin D supplement on reducing the probability of recurrent preeclampsia. 72 patients were placed in control group while 70 patients were randomized to the intervention group. The intervention group received a 50000 IU pearl vitamin D3 once every two weeks. The control group was administered placebo. Vitamin D or placebo was given until the 36th week of pregnancy. Results. The patients in intervention group have significantly lower (P value = 0.036) probability of preeclampsia than patients in the control group. The risk of preeclampsia for the control group was 1.94 times higher than that for the intervention group (95% CI 1.02, 3.71). Conclusion. The intended intervention (i.e., prescription of vitamin D) has a protective effect against recurrent preeclampsia. Vitamin D supplementation therapy in pregnancy could help in reducing the incidence of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia. Registration. This study has been registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) site with ID number IRCT2017010131695N1

Reliability and validity of the Persian version of Global School-based Student Health Survey adapted for Iranian school students

Purpose: Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) is a project supported by the World Health Organization to assess adolescent health-risk behaviours and protective factors. The present study reports test-retest and internal consistency reliability as well as Content Validity Index (CVI) for the Persian version of GSHS and Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) adapted for Iranian students. Methods: The original English GSHS, GYTS and Optional Shisha modules were translated and back-translated, pilot-tested, reformed and corrected for clarity. The back-translated and English versions were compared and the Persian version was then edited to reach consistency for two versions. In order to evaluate the performance of this measure for our study sample (n= 47), we examined its test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and correlation between total test and re-test scales score as well as CVI. Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the whole GSHS Core modules was 0.69, and for Core-Expanded GSHS, GYTS and Optional Modules for Shisha was 0.90. Test-retest reliability varied between 0.51 and 1.00 for Core and 0.23 to 1.00 for Core-Expanded GYTS and Optional Modules of Shisha. Total test and re-test scales score for GSHS Core varied from 0.64 to 1.00, and for Core-Expanded GSHS, GYTS and Optional Modules of Shisha varied 0.67 to 0.91. Conclusion: The Persian version of GSHS Core, Core-Expanded and GYTS has acceptable reliability and validity, and can serve as a reliable instrument for Persian-speaking communities.Global School Based Student Health Surve

The prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents in Iran : a cross-sectional study

Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in all stages of life. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the recommended level of physical activity and its correlates related to physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among school students in Iran. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among Iranian high school adolescents. Methods: The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used for data collection. Related data comprising socio-demographics, health risk behaviour and protective factors were obtained from 1517 high school students. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. gender) and the dependent outcome variable (physical inactivity/sedentary behaviour). Results: The prevalence of recommended physical activity by WHO was 27.8%, physical inactivity 72.2% and sedentary behaviour 71.4%. Being female, being overweight or obese, walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, sitting 3 or more hours/day (sedentary behaviour), insufficient vegetable intake, being bullied and lack of parental support, peer support and parental connectivity (protective factors) were positively associated with physical inactivity. On the other hand, walking/cycling to or from school on 5–7 days and inadequate fruit intake were negatively associated with physical inactivity. Walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, being physically inactive, inadequate fruit intake and being bullied were positively associated with sedentary behaviour. Conclusion: The prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour was high in our studied sample. Interventions that address the issue of active school transport, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, family and peer support and bullying should be given more priority by the public health authorities.