Del Lenguaje Revolucionario a la Revolución del Lenguaje

This paper presents a thematic comparative linguistic analysis between José Martí\u27s "Nuestra América" and Simón Bolívar\u27s "La carta de Jamaica"

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Nuestra América : la innovación poética como estrategia política

El propósito de la presente investigación es demostrar que la naturaleza del texto “Nuestra América” de José Martí es primordialmente poética. Mediante el análisis comparativo con dos textos canónicos de Simón Bolívar y Andrés Bello se analizan las diferencias respecto al uso del lenguaje. Así se intenta ilustrar que la prosa martiana a diferencia de la tradición ensayística hispanoamericana del siglo XIX evoluciona hacia el campo de la poesía, creando una síntesis entre prosa y lírica. Finalmente mediante el análisis minucioso de las figuras retóricas de Martí se establecen los recursos innovadores del autor en correspondencia con procesos histórico-sociales.Arts, Faculty ofFrench, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department ofGraduat

Memoria del primer encuentro internacional sobre el poder en el pasado y el presente de América Latina.

Esta memoria reúne 27 trabajos que dan cuenta, en la media de lo posible, de la notable complejidad de las manifestaciones del poder en el pasado y el presente de América Latina, al abarcar tanto las de carácter democrático como las de naturaleza autoritaria, tanto las que prevalecieron en los ámbitos de mayor amplitud, imperiales o nacionales, como las que se hicieron presentes en ámbitos locales, organizacionales más reducidos, tanto en pasados más o menos remotos como en la coyuntura más actual

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially