115 research outputs found
Sixteen years of social and ecological dynamics reveal challenges and opportunities for adaptive management in sustaining the commons
Efforts to confront the challenges of environmental change and uncertainty include attempts to adaptively manage socialâecological systems. However, critical questions remain about whether adaptive management can lead to sustainable outcomes for both ecosystems and society. Here, we make a contribution to these efforts by presenting a 16-y analysis of ecological outcomes and perceived livelihood impacts from adaptive coral reef management in Papua New Guinea. The adaptive management system we studied was a customary rotational fisheries closure system (akin to fallow agriculture), which helped to increase the biomass of reef fish and make fish less wary (more catchable) relative to openly fished areas. However, over time the amount of fish in openly fished reefs slowly declined. We found that, overall, resource users tended to have positive perceptions about this system, but there were negative perceptions when fishing was being prohibited. We also highlight some of the key traits of this adaptive management system, including 1) strong social cohesion, whereby leaders played a critical role in knowledge exchange; 2) high levels of compliance, which was facilitated via a âcarrot-and-stickâ approach that publicly rewarded good behavior and punished deviant behavior; and 3) high levels of participation by community actors
Personal identity (de)formation among lifestyle travellers: A double-edged sword?
This article explores the personal identity work of lifestyle travellers â individuals for whom extended leisure travel is a preferred lifestyle that they return to repeatedly. Qualitative findings from in-depth semi-structured interviews with lifestyle travellers in northern India and southern Thailand are interpreted in light of theories on identity formation in late modernity that position identity as problematic. It is suggested that extended leisure travel can provide exposure to varied cultural praxes that may contribute to a sense of social saturation. Whilst a minority of the respondents embraced a saturation of personal identity in the subjective formation of a cosmopolitan cultural identity, several of the respondents were paradoxically left with more identity questions than answers as the result of their travels
Intercultural ethics: questions of methods in language and intercultural communication
This paper explores how questions of ethics and questions of method are intertwined and unavoidable in any serious study of language and intercultural communication. It argues that the focus on difference and solution orientations to intercultural conflict has been a fundamental driver for theory, data collection and methods in the field. These approaches, the paper argues, have created a considerable consciousness raising industry, with methods, trainings and âcritical incidentsâ, which ultimately focus intellectual energy in areas which may be productive in terms of courses and publications but which have a problematic basis in their ethical terrain.
Dieser Artikel untersucht wie ethische und methodische Fragen nicht nur ineinander greifen, sondern in keiner ernstzunehmenden Studie ueber Sprache und interkulturelle Kommunikation ausgelassen werden duerfen. Es wird hier argumentiert, dass der Schwerpunkt auf Verschiedenheit und Problemorientierung im interkulturellen Konflikt einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf theoretische Entwicklungen, Datenerhebung und Methoden in diesem Bereich hatte. Dieser Artikel legt auch dar, wie diese Ansaetze eine betraechtliche âBewusstseinsbildungs â Branche' erzeugt haben, mit Methoden, Trainings, und âkritischen Interaktionssituationenâ, welche letztendlich allen intellektuellen Arbeitseifer auf Bereiche konzentriert hat, die zwar ertragreich sind in Bezug auf Kurse und Publikationen, jedoch eine problematische Grundlage im ethischen Bereich aufweisen
Soccer and homosexuality: the conflicts that lie within the affective game of the coach-adolescent athlete relationship
Discussions regarding homosexuality within a sports context are mediated by emotional nuances, especially in the world of soccer, where practitioners are required to have attributes such as strength, masculinity and aggressiveness. As a consequence, this work aimed to analyze the symbolic representation of homosexual relationships between
adolescent soccer players and their coaches; and, furthermore, to understand the intention behind homoerotic relationships that are established between members of the management team and its players. In this study, researchers used the life history methodology, with participation from three adolescent athletes, ages 14, 15 and 16, and three former athletes, ages 26, 28 and 45, who we called speakers. Based on the collection and analysis of research participantsâ testimonies, homosexual relations were found to have occurred between athletes and coaches, or between athletes and other members of the management team, as a part of a âsocial contractâ that is exclusively linked to their professional objectives. These relationships appear to be purely objective; authentic affective links are absent, due apparently to the transient nature of the athletes in these groups. Too, this context is usually marked by the athleteâs physical and emotional vulnerability, and the agreements he makes within this context are accompanied with moral dilemmas, because such adolescents idealize the coach as a paternal archetype.âFutebol e homossexualidade: Os conflitos que se encontram dentro do jogo afetivo da relação treinador-atleta
adolescente.â As discussĂ”es a respeito da homossexualidade no contexto esportivo sĂŁo mediadas por nuanças emocionais,
especialmente no mundo do futebol que exige de seus praticantes atributos de força, virilidade e agressividade. Por este
motivo este trabalho teve como objetivos diagnosticar existĂȘncia de relaçÔes homossexuais entre atletas adolescentes da
modalidade de futebol e seus técnicos e sua representação simbólica e ainda, compreender a intencionalidade das relaçÔes
homoafetivas que se estabelecem entre componentes da equipe diretiva e os jogadores. Esta pesquisa Ă© de natureza qualitativa
e a tĂ©cnica adotada foi a âhistĂłria de vidaâ e a participação de trĂȘs atletas adolescentes em atividade, com idade de
14, 15 e 16 anos e trĂȘs ex-atletas profissionais, com idades 26, 28 e 45 anos serviram de base metodolĂłgica. A partir da
anålise e tratamento dos depoimentos verificou-se que ocorreram relaçÔes homossexuais nas categorias de base envolvendo
técnico e atleta, ou com outros membros da equipe diretiva, como parte dos contratos sociais, ligados exclusivamente a
objetivos profissionais. Estas relaçÔes parecem ser puramente objetais, nĂŁo parecendo existir vĂnculos afetivos duradouros,
aparentemente, devido à natureza transitória de atletas nesses grupos. Também, nesses ambientes, muitas vezes marcados
pela vulnerabilidade fĂsica e emocional dos atletas, os acertos para as relaçÔes homossexuais sĂŁo permeadas por dilemas
morais, tendo em vista que os atletas adolescentes idealizam o treinador como o arquĂ©tipo paterno ideal.âEl fĂștbol y la homosexualidad: Los conflictos que se encuentran dentro del juego afectivo de la relaciĂłn
atleta-entrenador de los adolescentes.â Las discusiones sobre la homosexualidad en contexto deportivo estĂĄn mediadas por
matices emocionales, sobre todo en el mundo del fĂștbol que exige a sus jugadores atributos como la fuerza, la virilidad y los jugadores. En este estudio, los investigadores utilizaron la metodologĂa de la historia de vida, con la participaciĂłn de
tres atletas adolescentes, con 14, 15 y 16 años, y tres ex atletas con 26, 28 y 45 años, que llamamos âoradoresâ. Basado
en la recogida y anĂĄlisis de testimonios de participantes en la investigaciĂłn, se encontrĂł que las relaciones homosexuales
que se han producido entre los atletas y entrenadores, o entre atletas y otros miembros del equipo de gestiĂłn, son como
parte de un âcontrato socialâ que estĂĄ vinculado exclusivamente a sus objetivos profesionales. Estas relaciones parecen
ser solamente como un objeto; porque a veces no hay vĂnculos afectivos autĂ©nticos, debido aparentemente a la naturaleza
transitoria de los atletas en estos grupos. Demasiado, este contexto es generalmente marcado por la vulnerabilidad fĂsica
y emocional del deportista, y los acuerdos que hace dentro de este contexto se acompañan con dilemas morales, debido
a que tales adolescentes idealizan el entrenador como un arquetipo paterno.
la agresividad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la existencia de relaciones homosexuales entre
adolescentes atletas de fĂștbol y sus entrenadores y la representaciĂłn simbĂłlica de estas relaciones. TambiĂ©n comprender
la intencionalidad de las relaciones homoafetivas que se intercambian entre algunos componentes del equipo directivo y(undefined
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