Die Nationalitätenfrage im Russischen Reich: Auswertung der Volkszählung von 1897

Zu den grundlegenden Vorrausetzungen nationaler Konflikte gehört die Verbindung nationaler mit sozialen Faktoren. Die Analyse der sozio-ethnischen Struktur des Russischen Reiches ist deshalb ein Desiderat historischer Forschung. Die einzige übergreifende Quelle für eine solche Untersuchung ist die russische Volkszählung von 1897. Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet über ein Forschungsprojekt des Seminars für osteuropäische Geschichte der Universität Köln, das aus den 89 Bänden der Volkszählung eine Datenbank angelegt hat und auf dieser Basis die Nationalitätenfrage im Russischen Reich studiert. Über 130 ethnische Gruppen sind (aufgrund ihrer Muttersprache) registriert, und diese Daten sind mit einer Anzahl anderer Kategorien (Alter, Religion/Konfession, Beruf, Stand, Bildung, Krankheiten usw.) korreliert und in Tabellen zusammengefaßt. (pmb)'One of the basic preconditions for national conflicts is the connection and interdependancy of national and social factors. The analysis of the socio-ethnic structure of the late Russian Empire, the complex network of social strata and ethnic composure of the population was the main purpose of a research project which was carried out by A. Kappeler and his team at the Seminar for East-European History of the University of Cologne. As an outstanding source for this objective, the first Russian census of 1897 was evaluated which contains a wide variety of information. More than 130 ethnic groups have been registered with additional aggregated information about age, denomination, occupation, social position etc. All this data have been integrated after intensive operations concerning source criticism into a database which is now available at the Center for Historical Social Research for further research.' (author's abstract

Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening

The physiological role of fig latex is to protect the plant from pathogens. Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. RESULTSComparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. The content of collagenolytic protease did not differ significantly in the latex samples, while the content of ficin decreased. Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering was 6.5 times higher than the activity in the period when fruits are ripe. Antifungal activity is the most extensive in spring. CONCLUSIONFicin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical IndustryThis is peer-reviewed version of the following article: Raskovic, B.; Lazic, J.; Polovic, N. Characterisation of General Proteolytic, Milk Clotting and Antifungal Activity of Ficus Carica Latex during Fruit Ripening. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2016, 96 (2), 576–582. [https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7126]Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3398

The Protein-Protein Interaction tasks of BioCreative III: classification/ranking of articles and linking bio-ontology concepts to full text

BACKGROUND: Determining usefulness of biomedical text mining systems requires realistic task definition and data selection criteria without artificial constraints, measuring performance aspects that go beyond traditional metrics. The BioCreative III Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) tasks were motivated by such considerations, trying to address aspects including how the end user would oversee the generated output, for instance by providing ranked results, textual evidence for human interpretation or measuring time savings by using automated systems. Detecting articles describing complex biological events like PPIs was addressed in the Article Classification Task (ACT), where participants were asked to implement tools for detecting PPI-describing abstracts. Therefore the BCIII-ACT corpus was provided, which includes a training, development and test set of over 12,000 PPI relevant and non-relevant PubMed abstracts labeled manually by domain experts and recording also the human classification times. The Interaction Method Task (IMT) went beyond abstracts and required mining for associations between more than 3,500 full text articles and interaction detection method ontology concepts that had been applied to detect the PPIs reported in them.RESULTS:A total of 11 teams participated in at least one of the two PPI tasks (10 in ACT and 8 in the IMT) and a total of 62 persons were involved either as participants or in preparing data sets/evaluating these tasks. Per task, each team was allowed to submit five runs offline and another five online via the BioCreative Meta-Server. From the 52 runs submitted for the ACT, the highest Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC) score measured was 0.55 at an accuracy of 89 and the best AUC iP/R was 68. Most ACT teams explored machine learning methods, some of them also used lexical resources like MeSH terms, PSI-MI concepts or particular lists of verbs and nouns, some integrated NER approaches. For the IMT, a total of 42 runs were evaluated by comparing systems against manually generated annotations done by curators from the BioGRID and MINT databases. The highest AUC iP/R achieved by any run was 53, the best MCC score 0.55. In case of competitive systems with an acceptable recall (above 35) the macro-averaged precision ranged between 50 and 80, with a maximum F-Score of 55. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the ACT task of BioCreative III indicate that classification of large unbalanced article collections reflecting the real class imbalance is still challenging. Nevertheless, text-mining tools that report ranked lists of relevant articles for manual selection can potentially reduce the time needed to identify half of the relevant articles to less than 1/4 of the time when compared to unranked results. Detecting associations between full text articles and interaction detection method PSI-MI terms (IMT) is more difficult than might be anticipated. This is due to the variability of method term mentions, errors resulting from pre-processing of articles provided as PDF files, and the heterogeneity and different granularity of method term concepts encountered in the ontology. However, combining the sophisticated techniques developed by the participants with supporting evidence strings derived from the articles for human interpretation could result in practical modules for biological annotation workflows

Time course of adverse events in the phase III GRID study of regorafenib in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)

Experimentele farmacotherapi

Completeness properties of Sobolev metrics on the space of curves

We study completeness properties of Sobolev metrics on the space of immersed curves and on the shape space of unparametrized curves. We show that Sobolev metrics of order $n\geq 2$ are metrically complete on the space $\mathcal I^n(S^1,\mathbb R^d)$ of Sobolev immersions of the same regularity and that any two curves in the same connected component can be joined by a minimizing geodesic. These results then imply that the shape space of unparametrized curves has the structure of a complete length space

Results from a phase III trial (GRID) evaluating regorafenib in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST): Subgroup analysis of outcomes based on pretreatment characteristics

Experimentele farmacotherapi

Results from a phase III trial (GRID) evaluating regorafenib (REG) in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST): Subgroup analysis of outcomes based on pretreatment characteristics

Experimentele farmacotherapi