The relationship between motivation and perceived autonomy of individual and team sports athletes with disabilities

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공,2019. 8. 이용호.Psychological preparation is important for athletes development and success in sport alongside with physical training. Satisfaction of psychological needs such as motivation and perception of autonomy given by coach is very important in understanding of athletes behavior and performance. Over the last three-decades scholars focused on investigation of motivation influence on performance and autonomy – supportive coaching of able – bodied athletes, however, only few researches dedicated to paralympic sport. Many previous researches showed differences between able – bodied and disabled athletes in terms of motivational behavior reasons to participate in sport, win orientation, competitiveness and autonomy perception. In addition, in addition, such factors as adaptive equipment, classification, venue accessibility and other paralympic sport specific factors also could make influence on athletes motivation. Therefore, implications of previous researches about able – bodied athletes cannot be directly applied on athletes with disabilities. The perception of autonomy given by coach is different in team and individual sport types because of its nature. For example, in individual sport athlete rely only on himself or herself, focus on skills development and need to be concentrated during whole competition. In team sport, where all athletes pursuit team goal, as well as concentration and skills, atmosphere and support in team can be crucial. Sometimes, team sports do not require excellent skill development but require fulfillment of team goals. Based on Self – Determination Theory (SDT) this research will investigate and compare relationship between motivation and autonomy of individual and team disability sport. The quantitative survey will be conducted among athletes with disabilities; questionnaire will include demographic questions (age, gender, sport type, disability onset, etc.), to evaluate motivation will be used Sport Motivation Scale – II, to evaluate autonomy will be used The Autonomy – Supportive Coaching Questionnaire. Survey will be conducted among Korean athletes with disabilities, which compete in individual and team sports and train in Icheon training center of Korean Paralympic Committee and Gyeonggido Sport Association for the Disabled.Abstract i Table of Contents iv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Current Context 1 1.2. Background 2 1.3. Problem statement 5 1.4. Purpose of the study 5 1.5. Research questions 5 1.6. Significance of the study 6 Chapter 2. Literature review 7 2.1. Brief history of Paralympic sport 7 2.2. Challenges in Paralympic Movement 9 2.2.1. Classification challenges 9 2.2.2. Doping usage 12 2.2.3. Media coverage 13 2.2.4. Venues accessibility and adaptive equipment 14 2.3. Team and individual sport 17 2.4. Self – Determination Theory 21 2.6. Hypothesis 32 Chapter 3. Methodology 33 3.1. Participants. 33 3.2. Instruments. 34 3.3. Statistical analysis 37 3.4 Results 38 3.4.1 Descriptive Statistics. 38 3.4.2. Correlations between sub – variables of SMS-II and ACSQ. 39 3.4.3. Linear Regression Analysis 41 Chapter 4 Discussion 44 4.1. Findings 44 4.2. Limitations. 50 4.3. Conclusion 51 Bibliography 53 Appendix A 59Maste

The Analyses of Hard- and Soft- Switching SiC Schottky- Buck Converter Performance

In this project two types ofbuck converters, hard switching and soft switching buck converters are compared in term of power lossand reverse recovery current of diode in DC applications. The test circuit used is dc to dc buck converter circuit. The main switch ofcircuit is the IGBT and the same type ofIGBT is used for both techniques. The diode used is fastswitching type Silicon Carbide Schottky (SiC) diode. First semester theory research has been verified with simulations, which were conducted in Cadence Pspice 14.2. The power loss waveforms of diode and IGBT transistor were obtained. Using those power waveforms the energy loss of both circuits were calculated. Second semester, hard and soft switching choppercircuitswere constructed on PCB (Printed Circuit Boards), so that simulation results can be compared with experimentation results. All the PCB layouts were prepared in ARES IV. Powerloss waveforms were obtained from digital oscilloscope. The simulation and experimentation values are found to be quite close to one another. It has found that hard switching chopper has more energy losses comparing soft switching chopper. The main losses occur during SiC diode turn-off (caused by reverse recovery current), IGBT transistor turn-on (caused by ICe current spike) and the highest main loss is IGBT turn-off (caused by tailing time, tailing current). Reducing the turn-off and turn-on switching losses of the IGBT would imply decreasing of the total loss of the system. Thatcould be done by implementing zero voltage switching across the IGBT transistor which would decrease IGBT turn-on and turn-off losses

Determination of wastewater characteristics from Chemical Engineering Programme Laboratories

University Technology PETRONAS, UTP, has several wastewater treatment plants treating wastewater generated within the university campus. A small wastewater treatment plant located behind Chemical Engineering Programme Buildings is the subject matter for this project. Recently, issue on whether the existing Effluent Treatment Plant for Chemical Engineering Programme Buildings is suitable with the characteristics ofthe wasteproduced has been raised. Several characteristics of the wastewater influent to the wastewater plant were analyzed and as a result all the tested parameters except for chromium (VI) content showed that the existing plant is suitable with the characteristics of the waste produced. Hexavalent chromium concentration was found to be in the range of 0.05 - 0.086 mg/L, which is more than the allowable limit of 0.05 mg/L

Observational properties of rigidly rotating dust configurations

We study the observational properties of a class of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations describing stationary, axially symmetric, rigidly rotating dust (i.e. non interacting particles). We ask the question whether such solutions can describe astrophysical rotating dark matter clouds near the center of galaxies and we probe the possibility that they may constitute an alternative to supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies. We show that light emission from accretion disks made of ordinary baryonic matter in this space-time has several differences with respect to the emission of light from similar accretion disks around black holes. The shape of the iron K$\alpha$ line in the reflection spectrum of accretion disks can potentially distinguish this class of solution from the Kerr metric, but this may not be possible with current X-ray missions.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in EPJ

Synthesis and catalytic study of shell-shell, core-shell hollow gold nanocatalysts

Metal nanoparticles have a large surface area to volume ratio compared to their bulk counterparts, which makes them attractive to use as catalysts. Atoms on the surface of metal nanoparticles are very active due to their high surface energy resulting from their unsatisfied valency. First synthesis of gold nanoparticles with different shapes and bimetallic structure are explored in detail. Then an experimental method which could distinguish between the two mechanisms (homogeneous or heterogeneous) by using hollow plasmonic gold nanocatalyst is developed. Furthermore the catalytic activity of gold nanocages was changed by adding an inner platinum or palladium nanoshell. Results suggested that adding palladium inner shell increased the activity of gold nanocages towards the reduction nitro groups to amino groups. Controlling the selectivity of the catalyst is an important goal of catalysis research. Lastly selectivity of the plasmonic nanocatalyst (Gold sphere-Gold shell Nanorattles) with multiple plasmon modes was studied for photo-dimerization of nitro groups into azo dimers were studied on gold nanocatalyst surface. Results showed that selectivity can be controlled by changing the wavelength of the light exciting surface plasmon.Ph.D

The Analyses of Hard- and Soft- Switching SiC Schottky- Buck Converter Performance

In this project two types ofbuck converters, hard switching and soft switching buck converters are compared in term of power lossand reverse recovery current of diode in DC applications. The test circuit used is dc to dc buck converter circuit. The main switch ofcircuit is the IGBT and the same type ofIGBT is used for both techniques. The diode used is fastswitching type Silicon Carbide Schottky (SiC) diode. First semester theory research has been verified with simulations, which were conducted in Cadence Pspice 14.2. The power loss waveforms of diode and IGBT transistor were obtained. Using those power waveforms the energy loss of both circuits were calculated. Second semester, hard and soft switching choppercircuitswere constructed on PCB (Printed Circuit Boards), so that simulation results can be compared with experimentation results. All the PCB layouts were prepared in ARES IV. Powerloss waveforms were obtained from digital oscilloscope. The simulation and experimentation values are found to be quite close to one another. It has found that hard switching chopper has more energy losses comparing soft switching chopper. The main losses occur during SiC diode turn-off (caused by reverse recovery current), IGBT transistor turn-on (caused by ICe current spike) and the highest main loss is IGBT turn-off (caused by tailing time, tailing current). Reducing the turn-off and turn-on switching losses of the IGBT would imply decreasing of the total loss of the system. Thatcould be done by implementing zero voltage switching across the IGBT transistor which would decrease IGBT turn-on and turn-off losses

Determination of wastewater characteristics from Chemical Engineering Programme Laboratories

University Technology PETRONAS, UTP, has several wastewater treatment plants treating wastewater generated within the university campus. A small wastewater treatment plant located behind Chemical Engineering Programme Buildings is the subject matter for this project. Recently, issue on whether the existing Effluent Treatment Plant for Chemical Engineering Programme Buildings is suitable with the characteristics ofthe wasteproduced has been raised. Several characteristics of the wastewater influent to the wastewater plant were analyzed and as a result all the tested parameters except for chromium (VI) content showed that the existing plant is suitable with the characteristics of the waste produced. Hexavalent chromium concentration was found to be in the range of 0.05 - 0.086 mg/L, which is more than the allowable limit of 0.05 mg/L

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of n-alkanes and carboxylic acids in bottom sediments of the northern Caspian Sea

Prior to the start of experimental oil production in the Kashagan field (northern part of the Caspian Sea), n-alkanes and carboxylic acids contained in samples obtained from bottom sediments in the area of artificial island “D” were inves- tigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Concentrations of 10 n-alkanes (composed of C 10 -C 13 , C 15 -C 20 ) and 11 carboxylic acids (composed of C 6 -C 12 , C 14 -C 16 ) were identified and measured. Concentrations of individual alkanes and carboxylic acids in bottom sediments of the various samples varied between 0.001 ÷ 0.88 μg/g and 0.001 ÷ 1.94 μg/g, respectively. Mass spectra, in particular the M+ molecular ion peak and the most intense peaks of fragment ions, are given. The present study illustrates the stability of molecular ions to electronic ionisation and the main fragment ions to the total ion current and shows that the initial fragmentation of alkanes implies radical cleavage of C 2 H 5 rather than CH 3 . All aliphatic monocarboxylic acids studied were characterised by McLafferty rearrangement leading to the formation of F 4 cation-radical with m/z 60 and F 3 cation-radical with m/z 88 in the case of ethylhexanoic acid. The formation of oxonium ions presents another important aspect of acid fragmentation. Using mass numbers of oxonium ions and rearrangement ions allows determination of the substitution character in α- and β- C atoms. The essence of our approach is to estimate the infiltration of hydrocarbon fluids from the enclosing formation into sea water, comprising an analysis of derivatives of organic compounds in bottom sediments. Thus, concentrations of derived organic molecules can serve as a basis for estimates of the depth at which hydrocarbon fluids leak, i.e., to serve as an auxiliary technique in the search for hydrocarbon deposits and to repair well leaks

Agrobiological Evaluation of Varieties and Methods Used in Growing Garlic in the Forest-Steppe Zone (in the Republic of Ingushetia)

Increasing the production and quality of garlic yield is an important agricultural challenge. In the varying agro-ecological conditions of the North Caucuses, the yield of this crop largely depends on the planting technology and the level of its intensity. Important factors that determine the quality of the garlic yield are the use of varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, high-quality planting materials and agricultural technology that meets the requirements of the crop, and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. At present, the potential productivity of varieties used in the Republic is only 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of planting technologies that take into account the specific ecological conditions of the region. This study examines the factors regulating the yield and quality of garlic varieties. Keywords: garlic, fertilizers, planting schemes, variety, planting material, vegetatio