58 research outputs found
Development of anthropometric characteristics in professional Rugby League players: Is there too much emphasis on the pre-season period?
Rugby League is a team sport requiring players to experience large impact collisions, thus requiring high amounts of muscle mass. Many players (academy and senior) strive to increase muscle mass during the pre-season, however, quantification of changes during this period have not been thoroughly investigated. We therefore assessed changes in body-composition using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in eleven academy players over three successive pre-seasons and ninety-three senior players from four different European Super League clubs prior to, and at the end of, a pre-season training period. There was no meaningful change in lean mass of the academy players during any of the pre-season periods (year 1β=β72.3βΒ±β7.1β73.2βΒ±β7.2kg; ES 0.05, year 2β=β74.4βΒ±β6.9β75.5βΒ±β6.9kg; ES 0.07, year 3β=β75.9βΒ±β6.7β76.8βΒ±β6.6kg; ES 0.06) with small changes only occurring over the three-year study period (72.3β75.9kg; ESβ=β0.22). Senior players showed trivial changes in all characteristics during the pre-season period (total massβ=β95.1β95.0kg; ES β0.01, lean massβ=β74.6β75.1kg; ES 0.07, fat massβ=β13.6β12.9kg; ES β0.17, body fat percentageβ=β14.8β14.1%; ES β0.19). These data suggest that academy players need time to develop towards profiles congruent with senior players. Moreover, once players reach senior level, body-composition changes are trivial during the pre-season and therefore teams may need to individualise training for players striving to gain muscle mass by reducing other training loads
Montmorency tart cherry juice does not reduce markers of muscle soreness, function and inflammation following professional male rugby League match-play
Rugby League (RL) match-play causes muscle damage, inflammation and symptoms of fatigue. To facilitate recovery, nutritional interventions are often employed, including Montmorency cherry juice (MC). We assessed the effects of MC on recovery following RL match-play in eleven male professional RL players who played in two matches (7-days apart) with MC or placebo (PLB) supplemented for 5-days pre-match, match day and 2-days post31 match. Blood was collected 48h pre-match, half-time, within 30-mins of full-time and 48h post-match to assess Interleukin concentrations (IL-6, -8 -10). Self-reported sleep, fatigue, mood, stress, and muscle-soreness were assessed 24h pre and 24h and 48h post-matches with muscle function assessed 48h pre and 48h post-match. No differences in distance covered (6334Β±1944 Vs 6596Β±1776 m) and total collisions (28Β±11 Vs 29Β±13) were observed between both matches. There was a small albeit significant increase in IL-6, -8 and -10 concentrations pre to post-match in both PLB (IL-6: 0.83Β±0.92 Vs 2.91Β±1.40, IL-8: 2.16Β±1.22 Vs 3.91Β±1.61 and IL-10: 2.51Β±2.14 Vs 0.61Β±0.50 pg.mL-1 38 ) and MC groups (IL-6: 0.53Β±0.53 Vs 2.24Β±1.73,IL-8: 1.85Β±0.96 Vs 3.46Β±1.12 and IL-10: 0.48Β±0.50 Vs 2.54Β±2.10 pg.mL-1 39 ), although there were no significant differences between groups (P0.05) were observed pre to post-match or between groups. These data suggest MC does not affect the modest changes observed in cytokine responses and markers of recovery from professional RL match-play
Genome Sequence of a Lancefield Group C Streptococcus zooepidemicus Strain Causing Epidemic Nephritis: New Information about an Old Disease
Outbreaks of disease attributable to human error or natural causes can provide unique opportunities to gain new information about host-pathogen interactions and new leads for pathogenesis research. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), a sequela of infection with pathogenic streptococci, is a common cause of preventable kidney disease worldwide. Although PSGN usually occurs after infection with group A streptococci, organisms of Lancefield group C and G also can be responsible. Despite decades of study, the molecular pathogenesis of PSGN is poorly understood. As a first step toward gaining new information about PSGN pathogenesis, we sequenced the genome of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain MGCS10565, a group C organism that caused a very large and unusually severe epidemic of nephritis in Brazil. The genome is a circular chromosome of 2,024,171 bp. The genome shares extensive gene content, including many virulence factors, with genetically related group A streptococci, but unexpectedly lacks prophages. The genome contains many apparently foreign genes interspersed around the chromosome, consistent with the presence of a full array of genes required for natural competence. An inordinately large family of genes encodes secreted extracellular collagen-like proteins with multiple integrin-binding motifs. The absence of a gene related to speB rules out the long-held belief that streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B or antibodies reacting with it singularly cause PSGN. Many proteins previously implicated in GAS PSGN, such as streptokinase, are either highly divergent in strain MGCS10565 or are not more closely related between these species than to orthologs present in other streptococci that do not commonly cause PSGN. Our analysis provides a comparative genomics framework for renewed appraisal of molecular events underlying APSGN pathogenesis
Cationic polyelectrolytes: A new look at their possible roles as opsonins, as stimulators of respiratory burst in leukocytes, in bacteriolysis, and as modulators of immune-complex diseases (A review hypothesis)
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44497/1/10753_2004_Article_BF00915991.pd
Inappropriate sensing of atrial stimuli in patients with a third generation defibrillator and DDD pacemaker
Skeletal discrepancies Part 2: Assessment, Aetiology, and Management of High Angle Cases
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