Avaliação do teste de elevação do calcanhar e composição corporal em mulheres idosas com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica

A doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP) é uma patologia oclusiva crônica da circulação arterial periférica causada principalmente por aterosclerose. Um dos métodos clínicos propostos para avaliação do endurance e função muscular de membros inferiores é o Heel Rise Test (HRT) ou teste de elevação do calcanhar, porém sua capacidade de predizer a disfunção causada pela DAOP e sua relação com a composição corporal não foram elucidados. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar o endurance da musculatura de membros inferiores, através do HRT, e a composição corporal em mulheres idosas com índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) compatível com a DAOP e mulheres com ITB Normal. Foram avaliadas 60 mulheres idosas, sendo 39 com ITB normal e 21 com ITB DAOP. A composição corporal foi quantificada através da bioimpedância elétrica multifrequencial segmentar direta. Não foram observadas diferenças marcantes de composição corporal entre grupos além de tendência de menor valor de massa muscular em membros inferiores no grupo ITB DAOP. O número de repetições no HRT apresentou correlação com a composição corporal tanto de massa de gordura e suas porcentagens (Massa de gordura corporal r= -0,461, p<0,001; porcentagem de gordura corporal r= - 0,45, p<0,001; Porcentagem de gordura de tronco r= -0,584, p<0,0001; Massa de gordura de tronco r= -0,450, p<0,001), quanto de massa muscular em membros inferiores normalizada pelo peso (r= 0,434, p<0,001); contudo, não houve correlação com o ITB que apenas correlacionou-se com a velocidade de realização do teste (r= -0,300; p=0,019). Embora apresente correlação com a composição corporal, sobretudo massa muscular de membros inferiores e seja útil para avaliação da endurance muscular de membros inferiores, padronizações dos parâmetros do HRT são necessárias para que o teste tenha sensibilidade no diagnóstico e determinação da progressão da DAOP em mulheres.Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a chronic atherosclerotic pathology caused by occlusion of peripheral arterial circulation. The standing Heel Rise Test (HRT) has been recommended as a relevant clinical instrument to evaluate endurance and muscular performance in the lower limbs; however, its capacity to predict disability resulted from PAD and its relation to body composition has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscular endurance of the lower limbs using the Heel Rise Test, and to compare body composition through ankle-brachial index in elderly women with and without PAD. Sixty women were evaluated, where 39 presented normal ankle-brachial index and 21 with PAD. The body composition was mensured by segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. There were no significant differences in body composition between groups apart tendency to lower muscular mass in lower limbs on the group of ankle-brachial index with PAD. The number of repetitions on HRT showed correlation with body composition regarding body fat percentages (Fat mass r= -0,461, p<0,001; Percentage body fat r= -0,45, p<0,001; Percentage trunk mass r= -0,584, p<0,0001; Fat trunk mass r= -0,45, p<0,001) and muscular mass in lower limbs normalized by the weight; nevertheless, there was no correlation with ankle-brachial index, that was only associated with the velocity performed on the test (r= -0,3001, p=0,019). While HRT has correlation with body composition, particularly with lower limb muscular mass, and presents effectiveness in evaluating muscular endurance in lower limbs, standardization of the test parameters is necessary in order to have sensitivity in the diagnosis and determinations of PAD progression in women

Relationship between functional performance and indicators of peripheral arterial disease in elderly women

OBJECTIVE: The presence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) increases the risk and vulnerability to adverse clinical outcomes in the elderly. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between functional performance and indicators of PAD in elderly women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which 54 elderly were assessed by means of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), Human Activity Profile (HAP) and Edinburgh questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, Student's t test and Pearson correlation. We considered p &lt; 0.05 as the significance level. RESULTS: The mean age, SPPB and ABI were 69.2 (± 6.9) years, 9.42 (± 2.55) and 1.04 (± 0.14), respectively. The prevalence of PAD was of 16.3%. There was a significant correlation between ABI and gait speed (r = 0.75, p = 0.001) and between PAH and SPPB (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the decline in functional performance in the elderly, expressed in the gait velocity component of SPPB, is related to the presence of PAD.</p

PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO E CLÍNICO DAS PARTICIPANTES DE UM CURSO PARA GESTANTES

Identificar a clientela assistida em um Curso para Gestantes e observar a qualidade de vida dessas mulheres. Estudo descritivo no qual foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado, abordando os aspectos sócio-econômicos e culturais, bem como o protocolo Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) para a análise da qualidade de vida. 41 gestantes com idades entre 19 e 38 anos, em sua maioria primigestas (95%), casadas (85,4%), empregadas (70,7%) e sedentárias (80,5%), com idade gestacional média de 21 semanas e nível superior de escolaridade (65,9%) e estado nutricional adequado (58,6%). A amostra apresentou média acima do escore médio do protocolo SF-36, com exceção do domínio aspectos físicos (46,95 ±37,58). Em relação à população feminina geral, considerada em outros estudos, as participantes também apresentaram pontuação média significativamente maior em seis dos oito domínios: saúde geral (81,21±16,45), capacidade funcional (66,09±21,98), aspectos emocionais (67,47±43,13), dor (63,58 ±24,30), função social (76,52 ±18,37) e saúde mental (71,70 ±14,32). As mulheres que procuram o Curso para Gestantes são em sua grande maioria adultas, casadas, com nível superior de escolaridade, empregadas e relatam renda familiar alta. Apresentam escores de qualidade de vida acima da população feminina em geral, com exceção dos domínios aspectos físicos e vitalidade, que parecem estar comprometidos nesse período. 

Avaliação da adaptação psicossocial na gravidez em gestantes brasileiras Assessment of psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in brazilian pregnant women

RESUMO OBJETIVO: avaliar a adaptação psicossocial na gravidez, por intermédio da tradução e adaptação de instrumento específico, para ser usado em gestantes brasileiras. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional de corte transversal. Foi realizada a tradução e adaptação transcultural do PSeQ (Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire) seguindo todas as etapas metodológicas exigidas. aplicou-se um questionário contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas de forma a caracterizar os dados sócio-demográficos e clínicos das gestantes (n=36). a análise estatística constou de média, desvio padrão (DP), freqüência absoluta e relativa. Para análise da consistência interna utilizou-se o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, por meio do SPSS versão 17.0. RESULTADOS: as voluntárias apresentaram baixo nível sócio-econômico, média de idade de 25,1 anos ( 5,5), idade gestacional média de 25,9 semanas ( 8,1). Destas, 58,3% não haviam planejado a atual gravidez. O pré-teste mostrou que 75% das gestantes consideraram o questionário de fácil entendimento. Quanto ao instrumento PSEQ, a identificação com o papel materno foi a sub-escala que apresentou maior média 24,8 ( 5,6), enquanto o relacionamento com a mãe apresentou a menor média 15,4 ( 7,7). a consistência interna variou entre 0,52-0,89. CONCLUSÃO:a avaliação psicossocial materna no pré-natal mostra-se importante no acompanhamento da progressão da gestação e permite a intervenção mediante ações de promoção e prevenção no bem-estar materno-infantil.<br>PURPOSE:to evaluate psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy by translating and cross-culturally adapting a specific assessment instrument to be used with Brazilian women. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional observational study. the translation and cross-cultural adaptation and of the Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire (PSeQ) was performed following all the required methodological steps. another questionnaire was applied to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical status of the pregnant women (n=36). Statistical analysis consisted of the determination of the mean and standard deviation (SD) and of absolute and relative frequency. the statistical test used for the analysis of internal consistency was Cronbach's alpha coefficient, using SPSS version 17.0. RESULTS: the volunteers were of low socioeconomic status, aged on average 25.1 years ( 5.5), and had an average gestational age of 25.9 weeks ( 8.1). 58.3% of these volunteers had not planned their current pregnancy. the pretest showed that 75% of the pregnant women found the questionnaire easy to understand. Regarding the PSeQ instrument, the identification with the maternal role was the subcategory which showed the highest average, 24.8 ( 5.6), while the relationship with the mother had the lowest average 15.4 ( 7.7). the internal consistency ranged from 0.52 to 0.89. CONCLUSION: the assessment of psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in pregnant women is very important during the progress of pregnancy and permits intervention through obstetric-neonatal actions of promotion and prevention regarding the well-being of mother and child

Identification of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients and its association with quality of life, physical activity and body composition

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Neither the prevalence of PAD in type 2 (T2) DM nor its detrimental effects on quality of life (QoL) or physical activity (PA) have been well described in the Brazilian population. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of newly diagnosed PAD and its associations with QoL, PA and body composition in a sample of T2DM patients from a University Hospital. METHODS: Seventy-three (73) T2DM patients without previous diagnoses of major complications related to T2DM were enrolled. PAD was assessed using the ankle-brachial index (ABI); QoL was measured using a translated and validated SF-36 questionnaire; PA was measured using a modified Baecke questionnaire; and body composition was measured by segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS: PAD prevalence was 13.7%, predominantly of mild severity (ABI between 0.8-0.9). The ABI results correlated with age (ρ=-0.26, P=0.03), DM duration (ρ=-0.28, P=0.02) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (ρ=-0.33, P=0.007 and ρ=-0.28, P=0.02; respectively). Scores for the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) were below the normal range, but no negative impact from PAD was identified by the PCS scores (normal-ABI 42.9±11.2 vs. PAD-ABI 38.12±11.07) or the Baecke PA results. Body composition analysis detected excessive body fat, especially in women, but there was no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of previously undiagnosed PAD in this population of T2DM patients was 13.7%, predominantly mild and asymptomatic forms, and was not yet associated with worsened QoL, PA levels or body composition variables

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora