Simultaneous ammonium and phosphate recovery and stabilization from urban sewage sludge anaerobic digestates using reactive sorbents

The use of low-cost inorganic sorbents as a new sustainable strategy to enhance the valorization of nutrients (N-P-K), from the urban water cycle (e.g., side streams from sewage sludge anaerobic digestion), in agriculture applications is presented. The simultaneous recovery and stabilization of ammonium and phosphate by using a mixture of two reactive sorbents (Na and K zeolites and magnesium oxide) was evaluated. The nutrients stabilization process, favoured at alkaline pH values, is carried out by a) the precipitation of phosphate ions with magnesium and/or ammonium ions and b) the sorption of ammonium by Na- and K-zeolites. MgO(s) promoted the stabilization of phosphate as bobierrite (Mg3(PO4)2(s)) or struvite (MgNH4PO4(s)) depending on the applied dose. Doses with the stoichiometric molar ratio of Mg/P promote the formation of bobierrite, while molar ratios higher than 3 favour the formation of struvite. Na zeolites (NaP1-NA, NaP1-IQE) demonstrated efficiency on ammonium stabilization between 60 ± 2 (for 15 gZ/L) to 90 ± 3% (for 50 gZ/L). The ammonium recovery efficiency is limited by the zeolite sorption capacity. If the target of the fertilizing criteria should include K, then the use of a K-zeolite (e.g., 5AH-IQE) provides a good solution. The optimum pH for the precipitation of struvite and bobierrite is 9.5 and the optimum pH for ammonium removal is between 4 and 8.5. N is present in higher concentrations (up 0.7–1 g NH4+/L) when pH is ranged between 8.2 and 8.6. The ammonium recovery ratios were better than those previously reported using only magnesium oxide or even a more expensive reagent as newberrite (MgHPO4(s)). The recovery mechanisms described generate low-solubility stabilized nutrients forms that potentially can be applied as slow-release fertilizers in agriculture. Thus, the use in agriculture of blends of digested sludge with low-solubility stabilized nutrients forms will improve soils quality properties in terms of organic matter and nutrients availability.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Evaluation of hydroxyapatite crystallization in a batch reactor for the valorization of alkaline phosphate concentrates from wastewater treatment plants using calcium chloride

In this work, phosphorous recovery as hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH(s) = Hap) from alkaline phosphate concentrates (0.25–1 g P–PO43-/L) using calcium chloride (6 g/L) in a batch reactor was evaluated. Ca(II) solutions was continuously fed (0.1–0.3 mL/min) up to reaching a Ca/P ratio of ~1.67 (5/3) to promote Hap formation. Hap powders were characterized by structural form (using X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser light scattering (LS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)); textural form (using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive System (FE-SEM/EDS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)) and thermally (using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)). When pH was kept constant in alkaline values (from 8 to 11.5), Hap precipitation efficiency was improved. At pH 11.5, higher phosphorous precipitation rate was registered compared to that obtained for pH 8 and 10, but lower degree of crystallinity was observed in the Hap powders. The increase of the total initial phosphate concentration lead to the formation of Hap powders with higher degree of crystallinity and crystal diameter, but also lower mean particle size. As Ca(II) dosing rate increased Hap precipitation rate was higher, and also the mean size and degree of crystallinity of the prepared particles increasedPostprint (author’s final draft

Detrimental effects of magnesium (II) on hydroxyapatite precipitation from synthetic industrial brines

The influence of Mg(II) on phosphorous recovery as hydroxyapatite (Hap) from alkaline phosphate concentrates using desalinated industrial brines as the calcium source in a batch reactor was evaluated. Two synthetic brines with Mg/Ca molar ratios of 2.2 and 3.3 were continuously fed to reach a Ca/P molar ratio of ~1.67 to promote Hap formation under different constant pH values (8, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5 and 12). For both brines, inhibition of Hap precipitation and formation of the amorphous mineral phases of Ca-, Mg- and Ca/Mg-phosphates were observed at pH > 9.5. Mg(II) severely inhibited phosphate precipitation, allowing the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate from meta-stable clusters due to Mg(II) incorporation into Ca-phosphate. For the Mg/Ca (3.3) brine, a more soluble Mg-phosphate mineral (cattiite) was formed at pH 11.5. Thermal treatment of the amorphous solids to increase crystallinity confirmed the presence of Hap and chlorapatite as Ca-phosphate, stanfieldite as Ca–Mg-phosphate and farringtonite as Mg-phosphate. In the experiments at pH 8, the formation of stable nanometer-sized pre-nucleation clusters promoted nucleation inhibition, even in supersaturated solutions, and no solids were recovered after filtration. Although sulfate was involved in some of the precipitation reactions, its role in the inhibition of Hap formation is not clearly elucidatedPostprint (author's final draft

AN EXAMPLE OF MULTISENSORY TEACHING IN THE SUBJECT SOCIETY IN THE 5th GRADE OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SLOVENIA

All of us who work with students (both younger and older) know that teaching is a demanding and responsible job. From the teacher it requires love and understanding of the students and the learning material, dedication to work and, finally, a vision from which he/she can draw energy in moments of weakness and uncertainty. An essential part of a teacher's development is lifelong learning, which takes place in various ways: through research, articles, books, contributions, and mutual exchange of opinions with experts from similar fields of work and activity. In the way, we spread our awareness of changes in society and are aware of the needs that the modern world demands from us and the future adults we are now teaching. Teaching in the modern world cannot take place in a formal way, but it is necessary to understand the results of researches done in the field of human development, which suggests a different way of teaching with the aim of achieving the most optimal results. The article is divided into four substantive parts: in the first part, I devote myself to the theoretical explanation of the modern way of teaching and why understanding changes is necessary. Then I will explain the importance of the mustisensory teaching method and define the learning types of students and their characteristics. This will be followed by an explanation of the importance of teacher preparation for the multisensory way of teaching. I will present an example of preparation for teaching in the subject society in the 5th grade of primary school, where I will describe my method of inclusion and consideration of the principle of multisensory. In the evaluation, I will summarize my opinion about the lesson and conclude my article by thinking about the positive sides of the mentioned teaching method

Analisis Romantisme Dalam Serial Drama Horimiya

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ciri-ciri romantisme pada serial drama Horimiya dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Pendekatan visual juga dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan suatu hal kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan gambar guna menunjukkan adegan-adegan yang memperlihatkan ciri-ciri romantisme. Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teori romantisme Russell Noyes. Dari penelitian ini diketahui terdapat lima ciri-ciri romantisme dalam serial drama horimiya, yaitu kembali ke alam, kemurungan atau melankolis, sentimentalisme, primitivisme, dan individualisme

Investigation of the allosteric pharmacology of the 5-HT3_3 receptor identifying the potent allosteric modulator 5-chloroindole

The 5-HT$_3$ receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel that mediates for example fast synaptic neurotransmission in the CNS and PNS. 5-HT$_3$ receptor antagonists are established anti-emetics in the clinic, they also offer symptomatic relief for patients with irritable bowel syndrome, yet, sometimes serious side-effects limits their use in this indication. The 5-HT$_3$ receptor is modulated allosterically by various compounds including colchicine, alcohols and volatile anaesthetics but as yet, these modulators either lack potency or selectivity, which hinders investigation. The present study reports a novel 5-HT$_3$ receptor allosteric modulator that displays relatively high potency and selectivity; 5-chloro-indole (Cl-indole). Cl-indole potentiated 5-HT$_3$ receptor mediated responses arising from heterologous expression of the h5-HT$_3$A receptor (assessed by the affinity shift of agonists to compete for the radioligand binding site and by the increase in agonist action upon the h5-HT$_3$A receptor-mediated increase in [Ca$^2$$^+$]i; the latter action was evident with a range of agonists with very low intrinsic activity to full agonists). Cl-indole was also able to modulate allosterically the mouse native 5-HT$_3$ receptor. Additional studies provided further support for the role of the C-terminus of the h5-HT$_3$A subunit to promote stability of the arising 5-HT$_3$ receptor complex and that ligand interaction with the 5-HT$_3$A receptor impacted cell surface expression. In summary, the study reports the identification of Cl-indole as a positive allosteric modulator of the 5-HT$_3$ receptor along with extensions to our knowledge concerning a structural component of the 5-HT$_3$A subunit that promotes stability and the trafficking of the subunit into the cell membrane. These studies increase our understanding of the 5-HT$_3$ receptor, which may contribute to the design of better drugs targeting this receptor for therapeutic benefit

Tingkat Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Bermain Futsal Siswa Peserta Ekstrakurikuler di SMA N Kerjo Kabupaten Karanganyar Tahun 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keterampilan dasar bermain futsal peserta ekstrakurikuler di SMA N Kerjo Kabupaten Karanganyar Keterampilan bermain futsal meliputi passing, shooting, dribbling, controlling. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan satu variabel tanpa membuat perbandingan atau menghubungkan dengan variabel lainnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan tes. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah adalah siswa esktrakurikuler futsal SMA N Kerjo yang berjumlah 20 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah “Tes Futsal FIK Jogja” milik Agus Susworo, Saryono dan Yudanto tahun 2009 dengan validitas sebesar 0,67, reliabilitas 0,69. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 1 orang siswa atau 5% dari total sampel yang memperoleh hasil tes kurang dari 50 dengan kategori Baik Sekali, terdapat 4 orang siswa atau 20% dari total sampel yang memperoleh hasil tes lebih dari 50 dan kurang dari 67 dengan kategori Baik, terdapat 10 orang siswa atau 50% dari total sampel yang memperoleh hasil tes lebih dari 67,91 dan kurang dari 86,08 dengan kategori Cukup, terdapat 3 orang siswa atau 15% dari total sampel yang memperoleh hasil tes lebih dari 86,08 dan kurang dari 104,25 dengan kategori Kurang, dan terdapat 2 orang siswa atau 10% dari total sampel yang memperoleh hasil tes lebih dari 104,25 dengan kategori Kurang Sekali

Optimization of Complete Blood Count Results with Variations in Specimen Handling and Whole Blood Secondary Homogenization Techniques

Specimen homogenization and the addition of anticoagulants are pre-analytical steps that influence the accuracy of the test results. Complete blood count (CBC) is a screening test that supports disease diagnosis and aids in determining the appropriate therapy for patients. Inadequate specimens are inappropriate for subsequent testing, as they can lead to inaccurate results in the CBC examination. This study aims to determine the optimization of complete blood count results with variations in specimen handling and secondary homogenization techniques for whole blood. The type of research used is quantitative analysis using laboratory experimental methods. The study was conducted in May 2024 in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of the Diploma-4 Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo, using 48 blood samples. The results of the MANOVA test indicate that the type of anticoagulant has a significant effect on the erythrocyte count (p=0.041) but does not have a significant impact on the leukocyte count (p=0.844) and platelet count (p=0.920). Meanwhile, the homogenization technique does not significantly affect the erythrocyte count (p=0.959), leukocyte count (p=0.991), or platelet count (p=0.867). This study concludes that the secondary homogenization technique has no significant effect. In contrast, the type of anticoagulant significantly impacts the results of the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test. This research suggests collecting whole blood specimens using Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA) vacutainers as the anticoagulant and applying a secondary homogenization technique before performing the CBC analysis