Von der Notwendigkeit der Verknüpfung von National- und Fremdsprachen im Prozess der Alphabetisierung und der informellen Bildung in Burkina Faso

According to the 2006 national census 71,06% of Burkina Faso’s estimated 14 million inhabitants are functionally illiterate. This staggering number is referred to in explaining the slow social, economical and political development of the country; it is also linked to the high incidence of poverty in Burkina Faso. The government is aware of these connections between literacy and social circumstances and thus is determined to combat poverty through a literacy campaign. This article describes some of these attempts and critically reflects on the importance of the mastery of literacy in national languages, linking this also to the teaching and learning of foreign languages.Keywords: literacy, informal education, language policy, national languages, foreign languages, employmentSchlüsselbegriffe: Alphabetisierung, informelle Bildung, Sprachenpolitik, Nationalsprachen und Fremdsprachen, Stellensuch

Maintenance strategy focused on the specific consumption of diesel generators in sub-saharan countries: Case of National Electricity Company of Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan countries would mainly use thermal power plant whose Specific Consumption (SC) was relatively higher than the reference values provided by the manufacturers, which would contribute to the increase in electricity production costs. The aim of this study would be to propose a maintenance strategy which would aim to keep the SC according to the age of the generator at acceptable proportions according to the reference values provided by the manufacturers. The Ishikawa and Pareto diagrams were used to identify and analyze the causes of the variation in the SC of two large plants of the National Electricity Company of Burkina Faso. The results showed four major causes representing about 20% of the common causes which are 80% of the increase in SC in the thermal power plant of Kossodo and Komsilga, it would be : the poor quality of the fuels, lack of spare parts, inadequate maintenance practice, and poor fuel supply policy

Maintenance strategy focused on the specific consumption of diesel generators in sub-saharan countries: Case of National Electricity Company of Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan countries would mainly use thermal power plant whose Specific Consumption (SC) was relatively higher than the reference values provided by the manufacturers, which would contribute to the increase in electricity production costs. The aim of this study would be to propose a maintenance strategy which would aim to keep the SC according to the age of the generator at acceptable proportions according to the reference values provided by the manufacturers. The Ishikawa and Pareto diagrams were used to identify and analyze the causes of the variation in the SC of two large plants of the National Electricity Company of Burkina Faso. The results showed four major causes representing about 20% of the common causes which are 80% of the increase in SC in the thermal power plant of Kossodo and Komsilga, it would be : the poor quality of the fuels, lack of spare parts, inadequate maintenance practice, and poor fuel supply policy

Estimated Changes in Prices of Coffee and Cocoa: Kalman Filter, Hodrick-Prescott Filter and Modeling from Markov Switching

This aim of this study is to estimate the price of coffee and cocoa using a methodology based on Hodrick-Prescott filter, Kalman filter and a Markov Switching Model which, unlike linear models, allows the parameters to vary depending on the economic situation, the transitions between regimes are governed by a Markov chain. Our results show that the Hodrick-Prescott filter gives only the general trend of the series while the Kalman filter approach the best real trend of the series. The Markov Switching Model breaks the series in the regimes. Thus, this latter model gives the probability of transition from one regime to another and then gives the average length of stay in a particular regime.Hodrick-Prescott filter, Kalman filter, Markov Switching Model

Architecture racinaire et aptitude au drageonnage de trois espèces forestières

Les systèmes racinaires de Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. et Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. Rich. ont été caractérisés par une analyse détaillée de leur architecture dans des sols de texture différente en Région Centre-Sud du Burkina Faso. Ils ont été étudiés à partir de plants d’âges divers, certains prélevés en pépinière et d’autres partiellement excavés en forêt. Des tests d’induction de drageonnage par sectionnement complet de racines traçantes ont également été effectués sur ces espèces. Les données obtenues indiquent que ces trois espèces semblent montrer une certaine plasticité en fonction des textures de sols et de leur âge. B. aegyptiaca et S. birrea exhibent une tubérisation très nette de leur pivotante dans le jeune âge. En forêt, des drageons ont été observés sur les racines de B. aegyptiaca et D.  mespiliformis. L’induction artificielle de drageons en août, presqu’en fin de la saison des pluies, a donné des résultats positifs surtout pour S. birrea et dans une moindre mesure pour D. mespiliformis, mais pas pour B.  aegyptiaca.Mots clés : Système racinaire, multiplication végétative, Burkina Faso

La ville, objet de civilisation et de littérature en cours de français langue étrangère

Depuis les années 90, les didacticiens s’accordent à reconnaître l’importance de la littérature dans l’enseignement et l’apprentissage des langues étrangères. Cette redécouverte s’appuie sur l’étroite liaison entre littérature, culture et langue. C’est dans cette perspective que la présente réflexion est menée sur la représentation de la ville dans la littérature africaine francophone, dans le but d’amorcer un enseignement de l’interculturel, en classe de français langue étrangère.Since the years 1990 the didactics teachers agree to recognize the importance of literature in the teaching and learning of foreign language. This rediscovery relies on the tight liaison between literature, culture and language. In this perspective I conduct this reflection about the representation of the town in the French speaking African literacy. The objective of this discourse is the beginnings of a teaching of the intercultural in French as foreign language

Efficient cloud tracing: From very high level to very low level

With the increase of cloud infrastructure complexity, the origin of service deterioration is difficult to detect because issues may occur at the different layer of the system. We propose a multi-layer tracing approach to gather all the relevant information needed for a full workflow analysis. The idea is to collect trace events from all the cloud nodes to follow users' requests from the cloud interface to their execution on the hardware. Our approach involves tracing OpenStack's interfaces, the virtualization layer, and the host kernel space to perform analysis and show abnormal tasks and the main causes of latency or failures in the system. Experimental results about virtual machines live migration confirm that we are able to analyse services efficiency by locating platforms' weakest links