Detection Of Salmonella Spp. By Conventional Bacteriology And By Quantitative Polymerase-chain Reaction In Commercial Egg Structures

Conventional bacteriology techniques and quantitative polymerasechain reaction (qPCR) were applied to the eggshell, albumen, and yolk of washed and unwashed commercial white and brown eggs, to detect Salmonella spp. Pooled samples of eggshells, albumen, and yolk of white and brown eggs were collected at the poultry house and at the egg-storage room. Salmonella spp. was detected by conventional bacteriology in 5.4% (21/387) of analyzed samples and in 16% (68/387) by qPCR. In the 114 unwashed white eggs samples of eggshell, albumen and yolk, the bacterium was identified in 2.6% of the eggs (3/114) by conventional bacteriology and in 13.2% (15/114) by qPCR. In the 90 samples of washed eggs, 6.7% (6/90) were contaminated as detected by conventional bacteriology and 10.0% (9/90) by qPCR. In the 81 samples of unwashed brown eggs, Salmonella spp. was detected in 6.1% of the eggs (5/81) by conventional bacteriology and 27.2% (22/81) by qPCR. In the 102 samples of brown washed eggs, 6.9% (7/102) where positive by conventional bacteriology and 35.3% (16/102) by qPCR. All samples detected as positive by conventional bacteriology were also positive by qPCR. Salmonella Agona represented 18.2% (4/22) of identified serovars, Salmonella enterica subs. enterica O: 4.5 18.2% (4/22), Salmonella Schwarzengrund 18.2% (4/22), Salmonella Cerro 13.6% (3/22), Salmonella Anatum 13.6% (3/22), Salmonella Enteritidis 9.1% (2/22), Salmonella Johannesburg 4.5% (1/22), and Salmonella Corvallis 4.5% (1/22). The qPCR method provided better detection of Salmonella spp. in commercial eggs than conventional bacteriology. The conventional egg washing and disinfection procedures are not efficient to eliminate Salmonella. © 2016, Fundacao APINCO de Ciencia e Tecnologia Avicolas. All rights reserved.18111712

Parâmetros demográficos e diversidade genética na raça suína portuguesa Malhado de Alcobaça

O porco Malhado de Alcobaça (MA) é uma raça autóctone portuguesa, que se encontra predominantemente na região centro-oeste de Portugal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a demografia e a diversidade genética dos suínos MA através de registos de pedigree. As análises efetuadas incluíram um total de 7.872 animais nascidos entre 1985 e 2019. O grau de preenchimento de pedigrees é bastante elevado, onde 99,9% dos animais nascidos entre 2000 e 2017 possuem progenitores conhecidos. O intervalo de gerações estimado foi de 2,51 anos e o tamanho efetivo da população foi de 50,94 animais. Animais nascidos em 2017 apresentaram uma consanguinidade média de 14,0%. O número efetivo de fundadores (fe) e de ascendentes (fa) foi de 13,70 e 12,64 animais, respetivamente, sendo que com apenas 5 ancestrais, pode-se explicar 50% da variabilidade genética da população atual. Os maiores riscos de perda de diversidade genética na raça MA resultam da utilização desequilibrada de um número reduzido de reprodutores e consequentemente de um aumento acentuado do coeficiente de consanguinidade ao longo dos anos. Apesar de alguma estabilidade observada nos últimos anos incluídos no estudo, a entidade gestora do livro genealógico necessita implementar algumas medidas, com o intuito de se aumentar o número de criadores, ampliar o efetivo de reprodutores e apoiar com planos de conversação genética, para, com isso, preservar a restrita diversidade genética existente no porco Malhado de Alcobaça.The Malhado de Alcobaça (MA) pig, from Alcobaça region, being an autochthonous Portuguese swine breed, is found predominantly in the central-western region of Portugal. The aim of the study was to evaluate the demographics and genetic diversity of the MA pig population using pedigree information. The analyzes included a total of 7,872 animals born between 1985 and 2019. The completeness of the pedigree is quite high, where 99.9% of animals born between 2000 and 2017 have known parents. The estimated generation interval was 2.51 years, and the effective population size was 50.94 animals. Animals born in 2017 showed an average inbreeding of 14.0%. The effective number of founders (fe) and ancestors (fa) was 13.70 and 12.64 animals, respectively, with just 5 ancestors explaining 50% of the genetic variability of the current population. The greatest risks of loss of genetic diversity in the MA breed result from a sharp increase in the inbreeding coefficient over the years and the use of a reduced number of more common sows and boars from the breeding stock. Despite some stability observed in recent years, the MA breed association needs to implement measures to increase the number of active breeders, increase the number of breeding stock and support the genetic preservation plans of the population, to preserve the existing scarce genetic diversity in the Malhado de Alcobaça pig breed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Molecular diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis in symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiania, Goiás, Brazil

ABSTRACT More than 300 species have been described in the genus Hepatozoon, occurring in different vertebrates. Among these, only Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum are seen in dogs. Different methods may be used for laboratory diagnosis. The most common of these is direct parasitological examination of parasite stages in blood smears. The aim of this investigation was to conduct a phylogenetic study on Hepatozoon isolates from symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 40 symptomatic dogs that had been referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás. Among these, only two samples were positive for Hepatozoon spp. using the direct parasitological method. These samples were then subjected to a DNA extraction process and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA by means of PCR. Subsequently, the PCR products from each sample were purified and sequenced. The sequences obtained were then analyzed using the BLASTn algorithm, which identified both sequences of this study as Hepatozoon canis. By applying the Mega4 software, it was confirmed that these isolates of H. canis from dogs in Goiânia are similar to other reference isolates of the same species from other regions of Brazil and worldwide

Tratamento de esgotos sanitários em sistemas reatores UASB/wetlands construídas de fluxo horizontal: eficiência e estabilidade de remoção de matéria orgânica, sólidos, nutrientes e coliformes Domestic wastewater treatment in UASB-horizontal flow constructed wetlands systems: organic matter, solids, nutrients and coliforms removal

Este trabalho apresentou os resultados de um estudo realizado durante 19 meses sobre o comportamento de wetlands construídas na remoção de matéria orgânica, sólidos, nutrientes e coliformes, em unidades em escala piloto de fluxo horizontal, subsuperficial e superficial, com tempo de detenção hidráulica entre 1,3 a 5,3 dias, operando como pós-tratamento de efluentes de reatores UASB (esgotos sanitários). A remoção de matéria orgânica e de sólidos mostrou-se elevada e estável, com eficiências médias de 70, 80 e 60% para SST, DBO5 e DQO, respectivamente. A remoção de nutrientes, após início promissor, mostrou-se instável e aparentemente influenciada pela temperatura. O sistema de tratamento revelou elevado potencial de remoção de coliformes, embora com variações relativamente amplas ao longo do período de operação: &#8776; 2 log10 de remoção de coliformes totais e 2-4 log10 de remoção de Escherichia coli.<br>This work presented the results of a 19-month study on the performance of constructed wetlands in terms of organic matter, solids, nutrients and coliforms removal in pilot scale unities with horizontal, subsurface and surface flow, with hydraulic retention time from 1.3 to 5.3 days, as post-treatment of UASB effluents (domestic wastewater). Organic matter and solids were effectively and consistently removed, with average values of 70, 80 and 60% for TSS, BOD5 and COD, respectively. Nutrients removal, after a promising start up, became unstable and apparently influenced by temperature. The treatment system has also shown high potential to remove coliforms, although with relatively wide variations over the study period: &#8776; 2 log10 reduction of total coliforms and 2-4 log10 reduction of Escherichia coli