Evolución en la formación de radicales lipídicos y pérdida de volátiles en nueces de Brasil empaquetadas al vacío y almacenadas a temperatura ambiente o refrigeradas

The Brazil nut is an important product from the Amazonian region and its productive chain is an income source for local communities. The effect of combinations of packaging atmospheres (loose or vacuum-packed) and storage temperatures (4±1 °C or 24±2 °C) on the tendency of lipid radical formation and on volatiles was investigated for the first time in shelled Brazil nut kernels. It was observed that refrigeration, whether combined with lose packing or vacuum packing, was effective to reduce the tendency for lipid radical formation, as detected by spin-trapping electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, as well as peroxides, conjugated dienes and 3-octen-2-one. However, the combination of refrigeration with vacuum packing, even using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches with a high oxygen transmission rate (OTR), also reduced the formation of hexanal, which is a major off-flavor volatile, and thus should be recommended for the storage of Brazil nut kernels for the studied period.La nuez de Brasil es un producto importante de la región amazónica y su cadena productiva es fuente de ingresos para las comunidades locales. Se investigó por la primera vez el efecto de combinaciones de atmósferas de empaquetado (sueltas o empaquetadas al vacío) y temperaturas de almacenamiento (4 ± 1 °C o 24 ± 2 °C) sobre la evolución de la formación de radicales lipídicos y en los volátiles en nueces de Brasil. Se observó que la refrigeración, en combinación con envasado solo o al vacío, fue eficaz para reducir la formación de radicales lipídicos, como se detectó mediante espectroscopía de resonancia magnética de espín (ESR), así como de peróxidos, dienos conjugados y 3-octen-2-ona. Sin embargo, la combinación de refrigeración con envasado al vacío, incluso utilizando bolsas de polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE) con alta velocidad de transmisión de oxígeno (OTR), también redujo la formación de hexanal, que es un volátil de sabor desagradable, por lo que debería recomendarse para el almacenamiento de almendras de Brasil durante el período estudiado

Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009: analysis of individual data for 25,676,887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)

BACKGROUND: Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. METHODS: Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25·7 million adults (age 15-99 years) and 75,000 children (age 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995-2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005-09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15-19% in North America, and as low as 7-9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10-20% between 1995-99 and 2005-09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995-99 and 2005-09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005-09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005-09 was high (54-58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18-23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major deficiencies in the management of a largely curable disease. INTERPRETATION: International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide differences that are likely to be attributable to differences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems

Scanning ion selective electrode technique as a sensitive method for probing buffer activity of polyelectrolyte layers

The polyelectrolyte multilayer films formed by the layer-by-layer (LBL) technique are attractive materials with large scale potential applications in the fields of surface modification, sensors, separation membrane for gases as well as supporting layers in biomaterials[1]. (...)publishe

Trends in dental caries rates over 45 years (1971-2016) among schoolchildren in Florianopolis, Southern Brazil

Objective: The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in schoolchildren from Florianópolis, southern Brazil, in 2016, as well as to compare these findings with data obtained from six previous studies carried out in the same school since 1971. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 133 schoolchildren, 12 and 13 years of age. Clinical data were collected by three previously calibrated examiners, according to the 2013 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, in order to estimate the mean count of decayed, missing and filled teeth/surfaces (DMFT/DMFS indexes) and the Significant Caries Index (SiC). Results: The study response rate was 87.2% (n = 116), and the prevalence of dental caries decreased from 98.0% (95% CI: 96.0–100.0) in 1971 to 39.6% (95% CI 30.7–49.2) in 2016. The mean DMFT index fell from 9.2 in 1971 to 0.9 in 2016, while the DMFS index ranged from 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2–2.8) in 2009 to 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0–1.9) in 2016. The SiC index, which was 3.4 (95% CI: 3.0–3.8) in 2002, reached 2.5 (95% CI: 2.0–2.9) in 2016. Conclusion: Over the 45 years of monitoring, a significant decline in rates of dental caries has been observed. However, the SiC index suggests that dental caries lesions are unequally distributed in the study sample, with one‐third of the schoolchildren showing a significantly higher mean DMFT score compared with the entire sample.Ana Paula Debiasi Paganelli, Helena Mendes Constante, Felipe Sappino Sala, Carolina Cassol Bainha, Álvaro Luiz Socorro Borges Jr, João Luiz Bastos, Marco Aurélio Pere

Randomized clinical trial of class II restoration in permanent teeth comparing ART with composite resin after 12 months.

Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of class II restorations, in permanent teeth, through the ART technique in comparison to composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants (154), aged 8 to 19 years, with good general health, with class II cavities in permanent teeth, and without pulp involvement and tooth pain were included in this parallel and randomized clinical trial. The Ethics Committee approval number was CAAE: 24012913.0.1001.5417. Seventy-seven restorations were made with each restorative material (Equia Fil-GC Corporation and Z350-3M). Evaluations occurred at 6 and 12 months by the criteria of ART and the USPHS modified. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact, chi-square tests with linear trend and logistic regression by enter method (p 0.050). Survival rates for restorations, regardless of the evaluation criteria used, are the same as the success rates, with the exception of ART restorations at 12 months of follow-up (94.8%). CONCLUSION: No differences in the success rates of class II restorations of ART compared to resin composite, in permanent teeth, were observed after 12 months. CLINIC SIGNIFICANT: HVGIC can safely be used to restore proximal cavities in permanent teeth up to 12 months.1 september 201