PROA - Curso de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu Especialização em Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação na Promoção da Aprendizagem

O curso de especialização a distância "Aplicações das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação na Promoção da Aprendizagem", promovido pelo IM/UFRGS, visa qualificar professores para atuarem como multiplicadores do uso das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação na Educação, privilegiando a aprendizagem baseada na construção cooperativa de conhecimento. A arquitetura pedagógica do curso tem por base a utilização de uma metodologia interativa e problematizadora e, como eixo central, o desenvolvimento de "Projetos de Aprendizagem" interdisciplinares com a utilização da telemática. A estruturação básica da formação, enfatiza uma articulação entre os estudos teóricos-metodológicos e a apropriação tecnológica, em torno de situações práticas

Doenças peri-implantares: atualização para odontologia

Objective: this study aims to present and describe the main pathological, benign and malignant alterations of the peri-implant mucosa. Material and Methods: an integrative review of the literature was carried out using the following descriptors: peri-implant pathology; reactive lesion dental implant; carcinoma dental implant; peri-implant disease dental implant; reactive lesion by dental implant; oral squamous cell carcinoma around dental implants; peri-implant disease; pathology; for the elaboration of the search strategy in the databases PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE and SciElo to obtain the scientific productions. Results: conditions such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are poorly reported in the literature, which makes it difficult to estimate their real prevalence. Among the benign reactive lesions, the pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant-cell granuloma stand out, described as the most frequently associated with the implants. Regarding neoplasia, cases of hemangioma and OSCC were published, suggesting a possible influence of the implant in the development of these conditions. Conclusion: the occurrence of several pathologies associated with dental implants was observed in the literature, which demonstrates the importance of a detailed clinical examination, associated, in certain situations, with histopathological examination for an accurate diagnosis and adequate management of the various peri-implant diseases.Objetivo: este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e descrever as principais alterações patológicas, benignas e malignas da mucosa peri-implantar. Material e Métodos: uma revisão integrativa da literatura foi realizada utilizando os seguintes descritores: patologia peri-implantar; implante dentário de lesão reativa; implante dentário de carcinoma; implante dentário de doença peri-implantar; lesão reativa por implante dentário; carcinoma oral de células escamosas ao redor de implantes dentários; doença peri-implantar; patologia; para a elaboração da estratégia de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE e SciElo para obtenção das produções científicas. Resultados: condições como mucosite peri-implantar e peri-implantite são pouco relatadas na literatura, o que dificulta a estimativa de sua real prevalência. Dentre as lesões reativas benignas, destacam-se o granuloma piogênico e o granuloma periférico de células gigantes, descritos como os mais frequentemente associados aos implantes. Em relação à neoplasia, foram publicados casos de hemangioma e CECO, sugerindo uma possível influência do implante no desenvolvimento dessas condições. Conclusão: a ocorrência de diversas patologias associadas a implantes dentários foi observada na literatura, o que demonstra a importância de um exame clínico detalhado, associado, em determinadas situações, a exame histopatológico para um diagnóstico acurado e manejo adequado das diversas doenças peri-implantare

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora