Reducing the Negative Effects of Counterterrorism Frameworks and Other Restrictive Measures on Humanitarian Action and Enforcing the Obligations of States in Relation to the COVID-19 Vaccine

Countering terrorism has been a priority agenda point for the international community, especially after the September 11th attacks. As the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) points out, “States have had to confront a threat emanating from individuals and non-State armed groups [(NSAGs)] that resort to acts of terrorism. In response, States and international organizations have developed increasingly robust counterterrorism measures.

SUCCESSFUL ACTIONS FOR AVIAN HAZARD CONTROL IN BRAZIL

Brazil built one of the world’s largest aeronautical infrastructures. The airport net is distributed along its vast territory, which shows a tremendous ecosystem variety. Having a large civilian aircraft fleet and also running second after Venezuela in catalogued bird species, Brazil has had problems related to bird strikes. Although Brazil has few problems with migratory birds, the threat posed by resident birds in some airports represents a significant risk. On the other hand, due to human population growth and poor policies of garbage disposal in the past, nowadays some big airports have in their vicinities open dumps that attract birds. That causes an ever-increasing population growth of a bird species similar to the Black Vulture, the Urubu (Coragyps atratus, wt 2Kg, 4lb), that survives by eating the carrion available in those places. Therefore, we have faced the rising risk of bird strikes around some airfields. The solution of the problem encompasses many institutions and requires a great variety of measures. The paper presents some successful actions that have been undertaken by the SIPAER, the Brazilian aviation safety system, to keep the avian hazard under control in Brazil

Melnikov analysis in nonsmooth differential systems with nonlinear switching manifold

We study the family of piecewise linear differential systems in the plane with two pieces separated by a cubic curve. Our main result is that 7 is a lower bound for the Hilbert number of this family. In order to get our main result, we develop the Melnikov functions for a class of nonsmooth differential systems, which generalizes, up to order 2, some previous results in the literature. Whereas the first order Melnikov function for the nonsmooth case remains the same as for the smooth one (i.e. the first order averaged function) the second order Melnikov function for the nonsmooth case is different from the smooth one (i.e. the second order averaged function). We show that, in this case, a new term depending on the jump of discontinuity and on the geometry of the switching manifold is added to the second order averaged function

Evolutionary Stable Strategies and Cubic Vector Fields

The introduction of concepts of Game Theory and Ordinary Differential Equations into Biology gave birth to the field of Evolutionary Stable Strategies, with applications in Biology, Genetics, Politics, Economics and others. In special, the model composed by two players having two pure strategies each results in a planar cubic vector field with an invariant octothorpe. Therefore, in this paper we study such class of vector fields, suggesting the notion of genericity and providing the global phase portraits of the generic systems with a singularity at the central region of the octothorpe

Cyclicity Near Infinity in Piecewise Linear Vector Fields Having a Nonregular Switching Line

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABIn this paper we recover the best lower bound for the number of limit cycles in the planar piecewise linear class when one vector field is defined in the first quadrant and a second one in the others. In this class and considering a degenerated Hopf bifurcation near families of centers we obtain again at least five limit cycles but now from infinity, which is of monodromic type, and with simpler computations. The proof uses a partial classification of the center problem when both systems are of center type

Orbitally symmetric systems with applications to planar centers

We present a generalization of the most usual symmetries in differential equations known as the time-reversibility and the equivariance ones. We check that the typical properties are also valid for the new definition that unifies both. With it, we are able to present new families of planar polynomial vector fields having equilibrium points of center type. Moreover, we provide the highest lower bound for the local cyclicity of an equilibrium point of polynomial vector fields of degree 6, M(6) ≥ 48

Estudo e modelamento de um canal fading sob efeito de sinais multipercursos utilizando distribuição de rayleigh e filtros FIR

Orientador: Prof. Horácio Tertuliano Santos, Ph.DDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica. Defesa : Curitiba, 07/08/2018Inclui referências: p.97-99Área de concentração: TelecomunicaçõesResumo: O presente trabalho visa caracterizar um dos efeitos estocásticos que mais afetam as redes de telecomunicações, principalmente as de comunicações móveis: o fenômeno fading ou desvanecimento de canal. Para seu completo entendimento faz-se necessário o conhecimento prévio do comportamento físico das antenas transmissoras e receptoras, fixas ou móveis, bem como toda a sistemática de transmissão no espaço livre com a devida caracterização física das ondas eletromagnéticas e seu comportamento como atenuação, reflexão, difração e espalhamento. Para estabelecer estas bases o tratamento matemático e físico se torna imprescindível bem como o rigor na descrição da geometria dos enlaces. Quanto às comunicações móveis o efeito Doppler é um elemento a ser considerado como dos mais relevantes no processo causador do fenômeno fading juntamente com os efeitos de trajetos multipercursos, principalmente em ambientes urbanos com alta densidade de possíveis obstáculos. A simulação para o fenômeno fading é realizada fazendo-se passar um sinal através de um filtro FIR simulando um canal de comunicação e algoritmos implementados no MATLAB, onde se mostram os comportamentos dos sinais multipercursos e o efeito Doppler. Será utilizado o modelo de Rayleigh que é a distribuição estatística que melhor representa o fenômeno fading em situações onde há ocorrência de multipercursos ou intensos níveis de reflexões e espalhamentos causando rápidas e profundas variações no nível do sinal chegando ao receptor. O canal será simulado com o uso de filtro FIR digitalmente implementado. A contribuição do estudo e das simulações é a de ser uma ferramenta para projetistas mitigar os efeitos do fenômeno fading em estudos antes da implantação do projeto de links ou redes ou em sua expansão e diminuir a taxa de erros de transmissão BER (bit error rate) devido a ruídos no canal de comunicação. Palavras-chave: Fading, modelo fading de Rayleigh, Efeito Doppler, Modelo multipercurso, filtros FIR, BER.Abstract: The present work intends to characterize one of the stochastic effects that most affects telecommunications networks, mostly mobile communications, the fading phenomenon. For complete understanding, it is necessary a previous knowledge about the physical behavior of transmitting and receiving antennas, base stations or mobiles, as well as the entire transmission systematic in free space with the proper physical characterization of the electromagnetic waves and its behavior as attenuation, reflection, diffraction and spreading. To establish these bases, mathematical and physical treatment becomes essential as well as the accuracy in the description of the links geometry. In relation to the mobile communication, the Doppler effect is an element to be considered as one of the most relevant at the prompter process of fading phenomenon besides multipaths effect, mainly at urban environments with high density of possible obstacles. The simulation for the fading phenomenon is performed by passing a signal through a FIR filter simulating a communication channel and implemented algorithms at MATLAB, where the multipath signals behavior and Doppler effect are showed. The Rayleigh model is a statistical distribution that better describe the fading phenomenon in situations where occurs multipath or intense reflections or scattering levels causing fast and deeply variations at the signal level arriving to the receiver. The communication channel will be simulated using a FIR filter digitally implemented. The study and simulations contribution are about been a tool for designers to mitigate the fading phenomenon effects in studies before network projects implementation or on its expansion reducing the errors rate BER (bit error rate) transmission due to noises at the communication channel. Key-words: Fading, channel fading, Rayleigh's fading channel, Doppler effect, Multipath model, FIR filters, BER

Sport management: defining the area

Sport management has been a field of scientific investigation since 1960. Regarding professional intervention, sport managers work in public and private, for profit or not-for-profit sport organizations and governing bodies. This article considers three aspects to define the field of sport management. First, the current academic status of the field is discussed based on the development of academic programs, professional associations, and scientific journals. Second, sport management and related terms are defined. Finally, content areas and main research topics are presented considering supporting theories. Each of these aspects was approached taking into account the development of the field internationally and specifically in Brazil, in order to establish borders for teaching, research, and professional intervention