152 research outputs found

    Proximate composition of traditional local sorghum beer “dolo” manufactured in Ouagadougou

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    Dolo is a local beer manufactured from malted sorghum grains. It is the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage in Burkina Faso (60% of population). Thirty (30) samples of dolo were collected from local markets in Ouagadougou and analyzed with respect to their proximate compositions and pH values using biochemical standard method. The average values of pH, dry matter and insoluble matter among samples were respectively 3.50±0.07, 5.90±1.24% (w/v) and 0.85±0.32% (w/v). Alcohol content in dolo samples was on average 2.30±0.25% (v/v). The total proteins, total carbohydrates and reducing sugars were 26±14.8, 38±20.4 and 10±3.8 Όg/ml, respectively. The lipids were detected as traces in all dolo samples. The energetic value of dolo was on average 21.8±1.6 Kcal/100 ml of which these parameters characterize the quality of dolo.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, local beer, dolo, alcohol content, composition, Burkina FasoAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(13), pp. 1517-152

    Pertinence des essais de lixiviation en batch dans la prédiction du comportement hydrogéochimique des rejets miniers

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    La gestion des rejets miniers constitue l’un des dĂ©fis de l’industrie miniĂšre. Une gestion adĂ©quate est requise pour minimiser l’impact environnemental de ces rejets. Les principaux problĂšmes environnementaux liĂ©s Ă  la gestion des rejets miniers sont la production du drainage minier acide (DMA), du drainage neutre contaminĂ© (DNC) et le relargage des mĂ©taux. Plusieurs essais ont Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©s pour prĂ©dire la gĂ©nĂ©ration du DMA et permettre une planification de la disposition des rejets. Les essais de prĂ©diction du DMA peuvent ĂȘtre classĂ©s en deux groupes : les essais statiques et les essais cinĂ©tiques. Les mĂ©thodes de prĂ©diction du DMA notamment les essais cinĂ©tiques sont aussi utilisĂ©s pour Ă©tudier la gĂ©nĂ©ration de DNC. En plus de la gestion de la production du DMA et du DNC, les eaux miniĂšres doivent respecter les normes environnementales en vigueur et plusieurs essais sont utilisĂ©s pour prĂ©dire la qualitĂ© des eaux. Les rĂ©sultats des essais cinĂ©tiques peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s Ă  cet effet. En plus de ces essais, les essais de lixiviation en batch sont aussi utilisĂ©s pour la prĂ©diction du comportement hydrogĂ©ochimique des rejets miniers. Au QuĂ©bec, les essais de lixiviation en batch les plus utilisĂ©s sont l’essai TCLP, l’essai SPLP et l’essai CTEU-9. Les essais cinĂ©tiques et essais de lixiviation en batch sont rĂ©alisĂ©s dans des conditions diffĂ©rentes. Des Ă©tudes dans la littĂ©rature ont dĂ©montrĂ© que les conditions de rĂ©alisation des essais cinĂ©tiques permettaient de mieux simuler les conditions de terrain. Bien que permettant d’avoir des rĂ©sultats de prĂ©diction plus rapidement que les essais cinĂ©tiques, l’utilisation des essais de lixiviation en batch Ă  cet effet reste Ă  discuter. La question reste Ă  savoir si les rĂ©sultats de ces essais sont assez fiables pour la prĂ©diction de la qualitĂ© des eaux miniĂšres. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer la pertinence des essais de lixiviation en batch pour la prĂ©diction du comportement hydrogĂ©ochimique des rejets miniers. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des rĂ©sultats des essais cinĂ©tiques et de lixiviation en batch ont tout d’abord Ă©tĂ© compilĂ©s Ă  partir d’anciens projets rĂ©alisĂ©s au sein de l’URSTM. Une comparaison des rĂ©sultats des deux types d’essais a Ă©tĂ© faite avec les concentrations en mg/l, les quantitĂ©s normalisĂ©es en mg/kg et les taux journaliers lixiviĂ©s en mg/kg/j. D’autre part, des mĂ©langes de minĂ©raux purs ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s et soumis aux essais en mini-cellule d’altĂ©ration, et des essais de lixiviation en batch ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur les mĂ©langes frais et altĂ©rĂ©s (post-dĂ©mantĂšlement des essais). Un essai d’extraction sĂ©quentielle est aussi rĂ©alisĂ© sur les mĂ©langes prĂ©- et post-essais de lixiviation en batch et essais en mini-cellule d’altĂ©ration. Les rĂ©sultats de la comparaison des essais de lixiviation en batch (TCLP, SPLP et CTEU-9) aux rĂ©sultats stabilisĂ©s des essais cinĂ©tiques (essai en colonne, essai en cellule humide et essai en mini-cellule d’altĂ©ration) ont montrĂ© que les essais de lixiviation en batch Ă©taient plus agressifs que les essais cinĂ©tiques, de plus grandes concentrations Ă©tant obtenues avec les essais de lixiviation en batch. Les mĂȘmes tendances sont obtenues mĂȘme en minimisant les biais liĂ©s Ă  la diffĂ©rence du ratio liquide/solide, du temps d’extraction, de la quantitĂ© de matĂ©riel utilisĂ©e et de la taille des particules. Par contre, les rĂ©sultats des essais de lixiviation en batch (SPLP et CTEU-9) sont plus proches des concentrations maximales obtenues avec les essais cinĂ©tiques. Les rĂ©sultats de l’essai TCLP sont, quant Ă  eux, supĂ©rieurs aux concentrations maximales obtenues avec les essais cinĂ©tiques. Les rĂ©sultats stabilisĂ©s correspondent Ă  la lixiviation Ă  long terme dans les conditions de terrain; ceci montre que les essais de lixiviation en batch surestiment le relargage Ă  long terme des mĂ©taux. Les rĂ©sultats de l’extraction sĂ©quentielle rĂ©alisĂ©e sur les matĂ©riaux prĂ©- et post-essais de lixiviation en batch et essais en mini-cellule ont montrĂ© que les essais de lixiviation en batch (TCLP et SPLP) influencent peu la distribution des mĂ©taux. Par contre, aprĂšs l’essai CTEU-9 et l’essai en mini-cellule d’altĂ©ration, les proportions des mĂ©taux liĂ©s aux oxydes de Fe et Mn deviennent importantes, dĂ» fait que les proportions des mĂ©taux liĂ©es aux fractions Ă©changeables et liĂ©es aux carbonates ont Ă©tĂ© lixiviĂ©es durant les processus d’oxydation-neutralisation. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent que les processus gĂ©ochimiques ayant lieu durant les essais cinĂ©tiques (et peut ĂȘtre durant l’essai CTEU-9) influencent la lixiviation et la distribution des mĂ©taux. Les rĂ©sultats de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude mettent en Ă©vidence, d’une part le fait que les essais de lixiviation en batch extraient de plus grandes concentrations que les concentrations rĂ©elles rencontrĂ©es dans les conditions de terrain et, d’autre part, que les processus gĂ©ochimiques ayant lieu durant les essais cinĂ©tiques (et dans les conditions de terrain) influencent la lixiviation et la distribution des mĂ©taux dans les diffĂ©rentes phases minĂ©rales. Les essais de lixiviation ne sont donc pas des essais recommandables pour la prĂ©diction Ă  long terme du comportement hydrogĂ©ochimique des rejets miniers

    Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. Essential oil from Centrafrican Republic

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    The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was investigated using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the -carotene bleaching test. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) wasemployed as a positive control. The essential oil showed antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities, and it displayed the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil of Canarium schweinfurthii from Centrafrican Republic were also evaluated against twelve strains of bacteria and three strains of fungi using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil showed antimicrobial activity against almost the strains studied. The resultssuggest that C. schweinfurthii essential oil could be a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent

    Comparison of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of traditional sorghum beers with other alcoholic beverages

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    Thirty samples of sorghum beers “dolo” were selected from traditionally fermented household manufacturers from Burkina Faso. Dolo samples were screened for their total phenolic content, proanthocyanidins and putative antioxidant capacities, and were compared with industrial beers and wines. Total phenols were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Proanthocyanidins content were determined by the method of HCl-butanol hydrolysis. Antioxidant activities were evaluated both with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and by the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) using 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical) (ABTS‱+). The average contents of total phenols and proanthocyanidins were 506 ÎŒg GAE/ml of dolo and 45 ÎŒg APE/ml of dolo, respectively. An average antioxidant capacity was found in 148 ÎŒmol of TEAC per litre of dolo or 2.2 Όmol of TEAC per gram of dolo. Proanthocyanidins in dolo represent on average, 10% of total phenolic content. Results also showed that the red wines from different brands had higher levels of phenolic content and antioxidant capacities than dolo. Nevertheless, dolo displays higher levels of total phenolic content than lager beers and white wines. Sorghum grains as well as their derived food-products such as local beers are good sources of bioactive compounds comparable to other industrial alcoholic beverages.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, dolo, beer, total phenols, proanthocyanidins, antioxidant capacit

    Correlates of Product Quality of Soumbala, a West African Non-timber Forest Product

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    Knowledge of the correlates of product quality is a prerequisite for further commercialisation of soumbala, a food product extracted from the leguminous tree Parkia biglobosa. In this study qualitative and quantitative data derived from interviews of producers and expert users are used to estimate the influence of Parkia biglobosa management practises, soumbala product processing practises, and nutritional composition of soumbala on perceived soumbala quality. Several variables on management practises correlated with high quality soumbala as revealed by binary logistic regression, with quality as the dependent variable and six management related variables as independent variables. Variables relating to product processing were examined using qualitative data from group sessions, gathering all the producers in a given village. Finally the relationship between nutritional compositions and soumbala quality was determined. The results show that local knowledge, management practises, and product processing practises are correlated with soumbala quality, whilst nutritional composition is a poor predictor of soumbala quality

    Adequacy of nutrient intakes of severely and acutely malnourished children treated with different doses of ready-to-use therapeutic food in Burkina Faso

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    Background: Ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) are designed to cover the daily nutrient requirements of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, with the transfer of uncomplicated SAM care from the hospital environment to the community level, children will be able to consume complementary and family foods (CFF) in addition to RUTF, and this might decrease the quantity of RUTF needed for recovery. Objectives: Using an individually randomized clinical trial, we investigated the effects of a reduced RUTF dose on the daily energy and macronutrient intakes, the proportion of energy coming from CFF, and the mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of intake in 11 micronutrients of 516 children aged 6–59 mo who were treated for SAM in Burkina Faso. Methods: The data were collected using a single 24-h multipass dietary recall, 1 mo after starting treatment, from December 2016 to August 2018, repeated on a subsample of 66 children. Differences between children receiving the reduced RUTF (intervention arm) and those receiving standard RUTF (control arm) were assessed by linear mixed models. Results: Daily energy intake was lower (P < 0.01) in the intervention arm (mean ± SD 1321 ± 339 kcal) than in the control arm (1467 ± 319 kcal). CFF contributed to 40% of the daily energy intake in the intervention and 35% in the control arm. The MPA for 11 micronutrients was 0.89 ± 0.1 in the intervention arm and 0.95 ± 0.07 in the control arm (P = 0.06). Conclusions: Reducing the dose of RUTF during SAM treatment had a negative impact on daily energy intake of the children. Despite this, children covered their recommended energy intake. The energy intake coming from CFF was similar between arms, suggesting that children’s feeding practices did not change due to the reduction in RUTF in this context. This trial was registered at the IRSCTN registry as ISRCTN5003902

    Spread and antibiotic resistance profile of pathogens isolated from human and hospital wastewater in Ouagadougou

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    Background: The discharge of improperly treated hospital landfill presents an enormous public health risk. In Burkina Faso, the management of hospital’s wastewaters and the current antibiotic susceptibility of clinically relevant isolates need to be determined, because the multi-drug resistant isolates have been previously described in hospital settings. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of isolates circulating in Ouagadougou.Methods: The biochemical characterization of the isolates was carried out by tests from the API 20E test and completed with molecular characterization by simple PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the recommendations of CA-SFM 2019.Results:&nbsp;The hospital wastewaters do not undergo any treatment before been discharged into the environment. A total of 171 presumed isolates of&nbsp;Salmonella&nbsp;spp &lt; /em&gt;,&nbsp;Pseudomonas&nbsp;spp &lt; /em&gt;., and&nbsp;Escherichia coli&nbsp;were identified in this study. These isolates derived from environment (n=19) and clinical (n=152). These isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (95.32%), Cefoxitin (72.51%), Ceftazidime (78.94%), Cefepime (80.71%), Tobramycin (59.64%), Gentamicin (42.10%), Nalidixic acid (68.42%), Norfloxacin (59.06%), Ciprofloxacin (56.14%), imipenem (0.00%), Chloramphenicol (26.31%), and Colistin (77.77%). Somewhere else, 46 presumptive&nbsp;Staphylococcus&nbsp;aureus&nbsp;were resistant to Vancomycin (30.43%), Oxacillin (13.04%), Penicillin G (89.13%), Ceftriaxone (15.21%), Cefoxitin (2.73%), Tobramycin (36.95%), Kanamycin (30.43%), Ciprofloxacin (15.21%), Norfloxacin (43.47%), Tetracycline (56.52%), Chloramphenicol (13.04%), and Fosfomycin (2.73%).&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;the hospital wastewaters harbour a variety of pathogens, most of which are resistant to several families of antibiotics
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