Nutrição mineral e distribuição de cobre nas raízes de aveia preta e videiras jovens em solo contaminando submetido à calagem

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2015.O uso de corretivo da acidez em solos com altos teores de cobre (Cu) pode amenizar a sua toxidez em plantas de cobertura do solo, como a aveia preta (Avena strigosa), ou em videiras jovens (Vitis sp.). O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do corretivo da acidez sobre o estado nutricional, a produção de matéria seca e distribuição de Cu em raízes em solo cultivado com aveia preta e videiras jovens. Amostras de um Argissolo Vermelho foram coletadas na camada de 0-20 cm, secas ao ar e destorroadas para realizar os experimentos em condições controladas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, sendo duas doses de Cu (0 e 50 mg kg-1) e três doses de corretivo da acidez (0, 1,5 e 3,0 Mg ha-1). O solo, após a aplicação dos tratamentos, foi acondicionado em rizobox e submetido ao cultivo de aveia preta (experimento 1) e videiras jovens da cv. Niágara Branca (experimento 2), durante 30 e 70 dias, respectivamente, em ambiente controlado. Avaliou-se a produção de massa seca (MS), o teor e acúmulo de nutrientes no tecido das raízes e da parte aérea, o teor de Cu no simplasto e apoplasto das raízes das plantas, os teores de Cu e atributos químicos no solo rizosférico e não rizosférico. A aplicação de Cu no solo afetou negativamente a produção de MS e o acúmulo de nutrientes, exceto para o Cu que apresentou incremento das quantidades acumuladas na aveia preta e videiras jovens. Os teores de Cu nos compartimentos simplasto e apoplasto foram maiores no solo com aplicação de Cu e com aplicação de corretivo da acidez. Os valores de pH em água do solo rizosférico e não rizosférico foram maiores nos tratamentos que receberam as maiores doses de corretivo da acidez, tanto para a aveia preta como para as videiras jovens. O uso do corretivo da acidez reduziu a toxidez do cobre em aveia preta e videiras jovens, podendo ser uma alternativa para a redução de efeitos negativos em solos arenosos e com baixos teores de matéria orgânica.Abstract : The use of corrective of acidity in soils with high copper content (Cu) may soften its toxicity in the ground cover plants such as oats (Avena strigosa) or young vines (Vitis sp.). The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the correction of acidity on the nutritional status, the dry matter production and distribution of Cu in roots in soil cultivated with oat and young vines. Samples of Rhodic Paleudult soil were collected at 0-20 cm, air dried to perform experiments under controlled conditions. The experimental design used randomized blocks with five replications in a factorial 2 x 3, two doses of Cu (0 and 50 mg kg-1) and three corrective doses of acidity (0, 1.5 and 3.0 Mg ha-1). The soil was placed in rizobox and submitted to the oat crop (experiment 1) and young vines cv. Niagara Branca (experiment 2), for 30 and 70 days, respectively, in a controlled environment. We evaluated the production of dry matter (DM), the content and nutrient accumulation in the tissue of roots and shoots and the Cu content in symplast and apoplast of plant roots and the Cu content and chemical attributes in soil rhizosphere and not rhizosphere. The application of Cu in the soil negatively affected DM production and the accumulation of nutrients, except for the Cu which showed an increase of amounts accumulated in oat and young vines. The Cu concentration in the apoplast and symplast compartments were higher in the soil with applying Cu and performing application of the corrective acidity and the pH value in the rhizosphere soil and water was not higher in the rhizosphere treatments that received the highest doses of remedial acidity for both oat and for the young vines. The use of lime reduced the toxicity of copper in oat and young vines could be an alternative to reduce negative effects on sandy soils with low organic matter content

Evaluating the Aqueous Phase From Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cow Manure Digestate as Possible Fertilizer Solution for Plant Growth.

Improving the agronomic use of recycled nutrients derived from organic waste is one of the priorities within the measures adopted by the European community to reduce environmental issues but remains an unexplored area of research. This study focused on investigating the possibility of using innovative fertilizer solutions in hydroponic systems for the growth of agricultural plants. To this purpose, a liquid fraction [aqueous hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) liquid (AHL)] derived from HTC of cow manure digestate was chemically characterized (pH, electrical conductivity, mineral elements, and organic compounds such as phytotoxins), diluted with distilled water (1:30, 1:60, and 1:90, v/v) to reduce its potential phytotoxicity, and used to grow hydroponic maize (Zea mays L.) plants instead of the classical full-strength nutrient solution. The results indicated that the dilution ratio 1:30 of the AHL solution maintained a high level of toxicity for the plants (phytotoxic substances, especially Na and alkalinity), inducing the arrest of their growth. Differently, the two other dilution ratios (i.e., 1:60 and 1:90) seemed to considerably limit the levels of toxicity, since they allowed the plants to develop. However, these dilution ratios were poor in nutrient elements, inducing alteration in photosynthesis and an onset of deficiency symptoms such as pronounced leaf chlorosis. In view of an eco-friendly approach, future studies are, therefore, needed to identify the correct species-specific dilution ratio to supply both low levels of phytotoxins and adequate content of essential nutrients for appropriate plant growth and development. Furthermore, in order to lower specific Na phytotoxicity, treatments are of utmost importance before using AHL as a fertilizer solution

Treatment of aqueous solutions of 1,4-dioxane by ozonation and catalytic ozonation with copper oxide (CuO)

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. In this study, treatment for the removal of 1,4-dioxane by ozone and by catalytic ozonation using CuO as the catalyst was investigated. While the removal of 1,4-dioxane was small (20%) and mineralization negligible after 6 h of ozonation treatment, the removals of 1,4-dioxane and total organic carbon increased by factors of 10.35 and 81.25, respectively, after catalytic ozonation in the presence of CuO. The mineralization during catalytic ozonation was favoured at pH 10 (94.91 min−1), although it proceeded even at pH 3 (54.41 min−1). The CuO catalyst decreased the equilibrium concentration of soluble ozone and favoured its decomposition to reactive oxidative species. Radical scavenging experiments demonstrated that superoxide radicals were the main species responsible for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane. Further scavenging experiments with phosphate confirmed the presence of Lewis active sites on the surface of CuO, which were responsible for the adsorption and decomposition of ozone. The reaction mechanism proceeded through the formation of ethylene glycol diformate, which quickly hydrolyzed to ethylene glycol and formic acid as intermediate products. The stability of CuO indicated weak copper leaching and high catalytic activity for five recycling cycles. The toxicity of the water, assessed by Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence assays, remained the same (low toxicity) after catalytic ozonation while it increased after treatment with ozonation alone

Approaching stimuli bias attention in numerical space

Increasing evidence suggests that common mechanisms underlie the direction of attention in physical space and numerical space, along the mental number line. The small leftward bias (pseudoneglect) found on paper-and-pencil line bisection is also observed when participants ‘bisect’ number pairs, estimating (without calculating) the number midway between two others. Here we investigated the effect of stimulus motion on attention in numerical space. A two-frame apparent motion paradigm manipulating stimulus size was used to produce the impression that pairs of numbers were approaching (size increase from first to second frame), receding (size decrease), or not moving (no size change). The magnitude of pseudoneglect increased for approaching numbers, even when the final stimulus size was held constant. This result is consistent with previous findings that pseudoneglect in numerical space (as in physical space) increases as stimuli are brought closer to the participant. It also suggests that the perception of stimulus motion modulates attention over the mental number line and provides further support for a connection between the neural representations of physical space and number

The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Town Hall

AgMIP (www.agmip.org) is an international community of climate, crop, livestock, economics, and IT experts working to further the development and application of multi-model, multi-scale, multi-disciplinary agricultural models that can inform policy and decision makers around the world. This meeting will engage the AGU community by providing a brief overview of AgMIP, in particular its new plans for a Coordinated Global and Regional Assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture and food security for AR6. This Town Hall will help identify opportunities for participants to become involved in AgMIP and its 30+ activities

Calagem como forma de redução da toxidez por cobre em aveia preta

Soils which are cultivated with grapevines have high available copper (Cu) content, which can be toxic to cover crops cohabiting vineyards, such as black oats. This study aimed to assess the effect of liming in reducing Cu toxicity in black oats grown in sandy soils. Samples of a Typic Hapludalf were collected at 0-20cm, dried and subjected to the addition of Cu (0 to 50Mg kg-1) and limestone (0, 1.5, and 3.0Mg ha-1). The soil was placed in a rhizobox and black oats were grown for 30 days. We assessed root and shoot dry matter production, copper (Cu), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents in the tissues; Cu content in the root symplast and apoplast, as well as Cu, carbon and pH values in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Liming reduced Cu toxicity in black oats. Cu was preferentially accumulated in the roots, mostly in the apoplast, which may be the result of a plant tolerance mechanism to prevent the transport of Cu to the shoots. Key words: heavy metal, phytotoxicity, limestone, rhizosphere.Solos cultivados com videiras possuem alto teor de cobre (Cu) disponível, que pode ser tóxico às plantas de cobertura do solo que coabitam vinhedos, como a aveia preta. O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da calagem na redução da toxidez por Cu em plantas de aveia preta cultivadas em solo arenoso. Amostras de um Argissolo Vermelho foram coletadas na camada de 0-20cm, secas e submetidas à adição de duas doses de Cu (0 e 50Mg kg-1) e três de calcário (0, 1,5 e 3,0Mg ha-1). O solo foi acondicionado em rhizobox e submetido ao cultivo de aveia preta durante 30 dias. Avaliaram-se a produção de matéria seca das raízes e da parte aérea, o teor de cobre (Cu), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) nos tecidos; o teor de Cu no simplasto e apoplasto das raízes, e os teores de Cu, de carbono e valores de pH no solo rizosférico e não rizosférico. A aplicação de calcário reduziu a toxidez por Cu na aveia preta. O Cu foi preferencialmente acumulado nas raízes, especialmente no apoplasto, o que pode ser resultado de mecanismo de tolerância das plantas para evitar o transporte de parte do elemento para a parte aérea

Psychology Workshop for Officers of Women’s Police Station: An Experience Report

A treatment program for victims of violence has been offered at the Delegacia da Mulher (Women’s Police Station) since March 1998, through a supervised practicum for psychology students. In the interaction with the police, a frequent complaint noticed was that the Police Academy had not given them an adequate training in helping victims of violence. This workshop was, thus, planned by initially interviewing each police officer. Based on the interviews a questionnaire containing 30 true/false assertions about their belief on domestic violence was developed. Workshop goals were threefold: to recognize the right of a human being, and in particular of women, not to suffer aggression, to review and redefine believes that perpetuate violence against women and to analyze the underlying believes about their work at the Police Station. The workshop was held at the University on two consecutive evenings for a total of 8 hours. Results indicated that 4 out of 5 officers presented an increase in the percentage of correct responses to the questionnaire. Future tests with a larger number of participants would help to assess the applicability of the instrument

Empresas con potencial para adherirse a la cuarta revolución industrial cotizada en Brasil, Bolsa, Balcao

Neste artigo buscou-se apresentar os principais conceitos da indústria 4.0 e da quarta revolução industrial, assim como sua importância para a indústria mundial. Realizar reinvestimentos na empresa como matéria de buscar inovação e sobrevivência a longo prazo ainda é um desafio para as empresas brasileiras. O objetivo do artigo é realizar um levantamento das indústrias que estão listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3) e identificar sua possível adesão à quarta revolução utilizando a fórmula do Pi como matéria de delimitar empresas que podem ser insolventes e assim participar da quarta revolução industrial no futuro. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa em uma regressão logística utilizando como base empresas de capital aberto extraídos da Capital IQ e da Bloomberg. Um estudo utilizando modelo econométrico foi adotado para realizar os cálculos e os resultados demonstram que apenas 10 empresas industriais de uma amostra de 78 estão reinvestindo os seus lucros em Capex, buscando inovação tecnologia e consequentemente sobreviver ao longo prazo. This article sought to present the main concepts of industry 4.0 and the fourth industrial revolution, as well as its importance for the world industry. Reinvestments in the company as a matter of seeking innovation and long-term survival is still a challenge for Brazilian companies. The aim of this article is to conduct a survey of industries that are listed in Brazil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3) and identify its possible adherence to the fourth revolution using the Pi formula as a matter of delimiting companies that can be insolvent and thus participate in the fourth industrial revolution in the future. The methodology used was a descriptive and quantitative research in a logistic regression using as a base publicly traded companies extracted from Capital IQ and Bloomberg. A study using econometric model was adopted to perform the calculations and the results show that only 10 industrial companies in a sample of 78 are reinvesting their profits in Capex, seeking technology innovation and consequently survive in the long run.Este artículo buscaba presentar los principales conceptos de la industria 4.0 y la cuarta revolución industrial, así como su importancia para la industria mundial. Las reinversiones en la empresa como una cuestión de búsqueda de la innovación y la supervivencia a largo plazo sigue siendo un desafío para las empresas brasileñas. El objetivo de este artículo es llevar a cabo una encuesta de las industrias que se enumeran en Brasil, Bolsa, Balco (B3) e identificar su posible adhesión a la cuarta revolución utilizando la fórmula Pi como una cuestión de delimitación de empresas que pueden ser insolventes y por lo tanto participar en la cuarta revolución industrial en el futuro. La metodología utilizada fue una investigación descriptiva y cuantitativa en una regresión logística utilizando como base empresas que cotizan en bolsa extraídas de Capital IQ y Bloomberg. Se adoptó un estudio con un modelo econométrico para realizar los cálculos y los resultados muestran que sólo 10 empresas industriales en una muestra de 78 están reinvirtiendo sus beneficios en Capex, buscando innovación tecnológica y, en consecuencia, sobrevivir a largo plazo