Biosorption kinetics of Cd(II), Cr(III) and Pb(II) in aqueous solutions by olive stone

A by-product from olive oil production, olive stone, was investigated for the removal of Cd (II), Cr (III) and Pb (II) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics of biosorption are studied, analyzing the effect of the initial concentration of metal and temperature. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models have been used to represent the kinetics of the process and obtain the main kinetic parameters. The results show that the pseudo-second order model is the one that best describes the biosorption of the three metal ions for all the range of experimental conditions investigated. For the three metal ions, the maximum biosoption capacity and the initial biosorption rate increase when the initial metal concentration rises. However, the kinetic constant decreases when the initial metal concentration increases. The temperature effect on biosorption capacity for Cd (II) and Cr (III) is less significant; however, for Pb (II) the effect of temperature is more important, especially when temperature rises from 25 to 40ºC. The biosorption capacity at mmol/g of olive stone changes in the following order: Cr>Cd>Pb. Thus, for an initial concentration of 220 mg/ℓ, a maximum sorption capacity of 0.079 mmol/g for Cr (III), 0.065 mmol/g for Cd (II) and 0.028 mmol/g for Pb (II) has been obtained.The authors are grateful to the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia for the financial support received (Projet CTM2005-03957/TECNO) for the realization of this work

Development, validation, and application of a fast, simple, and robust SPE-based LC-MS/MS method for quantification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibiting tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro, Ile-Pro-Pro, and Leu-Pro-Pro in yoghurt and other fermented dairy products

Dairy products are an important part of a nutritionally balanced diet as their constituents can affect the human state of health. By inhibiting the angiotensin I-converting enzyme, the tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro, Ile-Pro-Pro, and Leu-Pro-Pro can lower blood pressure. As these peptides are produced during fermentation, they are found in various dairy products like cheese, yoghurt, etc., but except for cheese only little is known about their content. To investigate how other dairy products contribute to a supply of these antihypertensive peptides, we developed and validated a fast and sensitive assay for quantification of the three tripeptides with LC-MS/MS combined with a simple protocol for extraction and SPE-purification from yoghurt, curd, or other products. Finally, the entire method was successfully applied to survey peptide concentrations in samples from local dairies and thus expands our awareness on the content of antihypertensive peptides in our food. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

In Vitro Immune Competence of Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of Different Production Potential: Effect of Heat Stress and Cortisol

Twelve healthy lactating Murrah buffaloes of similar parity (3rd) between 90 and 120 days of lactation, selected from the herd of National Dairy Research Institute (Karnal, India) and maintained at managemental practices as followed at the Institute they were included in this experiment. The animals were divided into two groups based on their production level in previous lactation. The average milk production level of group 1 and II was 9.3 and 6 lit/day, respectively. Blood was collected from these buffaloes on three occasions 10 days apart. The lymphocytes were separated and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with PHA-P for 24 h at 37°C in a humidified CO2 incubator (95% air and 5%  CO2). The lymphocyte responsiveness was also evaluated in response to the in vivo heat stress and in vitro cortisol. Mitogen-induced stimulation index was not affected by production level (P < .01). Stimulation index was significantly reduced (P < .01) in both the groups when cortisol was added at 2.0 ng level in the culture. However, in heat-stressed buffaloes stimulation index did not vary despite increasing levels of cortisol, thus indicating that lymphocyte may become cortisol resistant during periods of acute heat stress. The results showed that lymphocyte proliferation response can be effectively used to study buffalo cell-mediated immunity in vitro

Investigation of heat-acid induced coagulation behaviour of whole milk systems employing front-face fluorescence spectroscopy

The heat-acid-induced coagulation behaviour of whole milk system (buffalo, cow and mixed milk) was studied by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy exploiting tryptophan as a marker molecule. The varied molecular environment of tryptophan residues in the raw milk systems exerted different fluorescence properties. During the coagulation process, cow milk exhibited significant quenching and bathochromic shift in the emission spectra which was attributed to the low buffering ability and high hydration capacity of cow milk caseins. The results indicated that tryptophan residues of cow milk experienced more dynamic environment throughout the reaction as compared to buffalo milk

Heat stress and feeding behaviour of dairy cows in late lactation

Heat stress is one of the most important problems that dairy cows have to face and the use of cooling systems is becoming more and more important. The first reaction that has the animal to cope with the environmental variations is to modify its behaviour. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress and a cooling system on the feeding behaviour of Italian Holstein Friesian dairy cows in late lactation. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, eight dairy cows were firstly kept 7 d under thermoneutral condition, and then under mild heat stress (temperature humidity index, THI, ranging between 72 and 78) for others 7 d. The second experiment consisted of 8 dairy cows used in a two-period cross-over design where the treatment was the use or not of a sprinkler system for cooling cows under mild heat stress. Cows were equipped with a noseband pressure sensor able to detect rumination and eating time, number of rumination and eating chews, number of rumination boluses and rumination intensity. Heat stress reduced rumination time, number of rumination chews and boluses (p <.05), and tended to reduce the number of eating chews (p <.10). Cooled cows increased rumination and eating time (p <.05), rumination intensity (p <.01), and the number of rumination and eating chews (p <.05). In conclusion, feeding behaviour was deeply influenced even by mild heat stress, which was effectively improved by the use of a sprinkler system.HIGHLIGHTS Mild heat stress reduced rumination time, number of rumination chews and boluses of dairy cows in late lactation Cooling cows with sprinklers was effective in alleviating heat stress in terms of feeding behaviour

Relationship among production traits, somatic cell score and temperature–humidity index in the Italian Mediterranean Buffalo

The temperature–humidity index (THI) has been commonly used to analyse heat stress in dairy cattle, but little is known about its effects on buffaloes. In this study, daily milk yield (MY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP) and somatic cell count (SCC) data from 808 buffalo cows plus environmental temperature and relative humidity were used to investigate the consequence of heat stress. Two mixed models were used to evaluate the impact of THI on MY, FP, PP and log transformed SCC (SCS). The effect of THI was significant for PP, FP and SCS, whereas its interaction with parity was statistically significant for PP and SCS. The relationship between PP and FP and THI was positive but of different magnitude according to the parity. When THI was below 62, an unfavourable effect was observed, especially in primiparous buffalo cows. A significant interaction between SCS and THI across parities was also observed. The effect of THI on MY across parities was not definite but overall a favourable relationship was observed. Our findings depict a susceptibility of buffaloes to low values of THI, suggesting an optimal THI range for water buffaloes between 59 and 63, although some deleterious effects were observed in primiparous buffaloes at THI values lower than 62. Additional investigations are needed to better elucidate the influence of THI on buffalo species.HIGHLIGHTS The overall effect of THI on buffalo diverges from what commonly observed in dairy cattle Cold stress affects milk and udder health in buffaloes The effect of THI on buffaloes’ performance depends on parity, with a larger susceptibility in primiparous than pluriparous buffalo cows Udder health in buffaloes, evaluated using somatic cell count, is also affected by THI

Extrato de Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer neutraliza o stress oxidativo em ratos alimentados com dieta contaminada com multi-micotoxinas

The current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Panax ginseng extract (PGE)against the toxicity and oxidative stress in rats fed aflatoxin (AFs) and/or fumonisin (FB)-contaminateddiet. Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight experimental groups included thecontrol group, the group treated orally with PGE (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) and the groups fed AFs (1.4 mg/kg diet) and/or FB (20 mg/kg b.w.) contaminated diet alone or plus PGE for 11 weeks. Blood, liverand kidney tissue samples were collected at the end of treatment period for biochemical andhistological studies. The results indicated that PGE increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) levelin liver; however, the other parameters were comparable to controls. Animals fed AFs and/or FBcontaminateddiet showed a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters and oxidativestress markers accompanied with a significant decrease in antioxidant parameters levels and asevere histological changes in the liver tissue. These changes were more pronounced in the groupfed AFs plus FB. PGE succeeded to induce a significant improvement in all biochemical parametersand the histological picture towards the control although it did not normalize them. It could beconcluded that PGE is a promise candidate against the exposure to multi-mycotoxins in food.O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos protetores do extrato de Panax ginseng(PGE) contra a toxicidade e estresse oxidativo em ratos alimentados com aflatoxinas (AFs) e/oudieta contaminada por fumonisina (FB). Oitenta fêmeas de ratos Sprague-Dawley foram divididasem oito grupos experimentais, incluindo o grupo controle, o grupo tratado com PGE oralmente (0,5mg/kg de peso corporal) e os grupos alimentados com as dietas contaminadas de AFs (1,4 dieta mg/kg) e/ou FB (20 mg/kg de peso corporal) isoladas ou com mais PGE durante 11 semanas. Amostrasde sangue, do fígado e do tecido do rim foram recolhidas no final do período de tratamentopara estudos bioquímicos e histológicos. Os resultados indicaram que a PGE aumenta o nível desuperóxido dismutase (SOD) no fígado, no entanto, os outros parâmetros foram comparáveis aosdo grupo controle. Animais alimentados com dieta contaminada por AF e/ou FB mostraram umaumento significativo nos parâmetros bioquímicos séricos e marcadores de estresse oxidativo,acompanhados de uma diminuição significativa nos níveis de antioxidantes e nos parâmetros dealterações histológicas graves no tecido do fígado. Essas alterações foram mais pronunciadas nogrupo alimentado com AFs mais FB. PGE obteve sucesso quanto à introdução de uma melhoriasignificativa em todos os parâmetros bioquímicos e histológicos com relação ao grupo controle,embora não os tenha normalizado. Pode-se concluir que a PGE é uma promissora candidatacontra a exposição às multimicotoxinas em alimentos

Analisis hukum Islam terhadap penarikan tanah wakaf untuk membayar hutang ahli waris di Kelurahan Sidotopo Wetan Kecamatan Kenjeran

Skripsi ini hasil penelitian lapangan yang bertujuan untuk menjawab: Bagaimana sebab-sebab penarikan tanah wakaf di Kelurahan Sidotopo Wetan Kecamatan Kenjeran dan Bagaimana analisis Hukum Islam terhadap penarikan tan ah wakaf untuk membayar hutang ahli waris di Keluraban Sidotopo Wetan Kecamatan Kenjeran. Data penelitian dihimpun melalui teknik wawancara dan dokumen selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analistis kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan logika deduktif. Hasil penelitian meny impulkan bahwa Perwakafan tanah untuk pendirian masjid Jadilah yang berada di kelurahan Sidotopo Wetan, kecamatan Kenjeran - Surabaya telah dilakukan oleh ahli waris ibu Juleha (alm) istri, yang terdiri dari bapak parno(suarni), bapak Sugeng, ibu lia (kedua sebagai anak dari ibu Juleha), dalam istilah hukum Islam disebut wakif. Tanah ini diserahkan kepada pengurus masjid yang di wakili oleh bapak Salim (ketua pengurus masjid) dalam istilah hukum Islam di sebut nazir. Tanah yang di wakafkan merupakan peninggalan dari ibu Juleha (Alm) dengan ukuran panjang 17 m, lebar 12 m clan luas 204 meter persegi elekat tanah pekarangan di kelurahan Sielotopo Wetan , Perwakafan tanah itu telah dilakukan pada tanggal 20 September 1966. H al ini clapat di buktikan elengan aelanya serah terima akta pengganti akta ikrar wakaf yang yang dilakukan oleh bapak Sugeng (mewakili ahli waris ibu Juleha) di serahkan kepada pengurus masjid dikelurahan Sidotopo Wetan yang di wakili bapak Salim (ketua pengurus) den gan diketahui oleh kepala keluraban Sidotopo Wetan: bapak Suratno. Dari pembah asan tersebut disimpulkan bahwa sebab-sebab penarikan harta wa kaf dikarenakan wakaf mempunyai hutang yang berlipat sehingga harus membayarnya dan sumber pengba silan abli waris tidak mencukupi. Sedangkan analisis hukum Islam menurut Syafi'i tanah wakaf tidak boleh ditarik,karena bersifat muabbab (berlaku selamanya), dan mcnurut Hanafiah pen arikan tanab wakaf boleh, karena wakaf seperti 'artiya (pinjaman ) selama sebelum dibuat masjid. Dengan demikian diatas tanah wakaf sudah didirikan masjid yang berada dikelurahan Sidotopo Wetan tidak boleh ditarik