Mayakovsky’s Bedbug: Revolution, Time and Utopia

The article was submitted on 25.04.2017.In Russia, the very idea of a Communist revolution – from 1905 onwards – meant both hope and dread. This attitude is quite clearly shown in a very significant part of the Russian literary process, from 1908 to the beginning of the Stalin era. An obvious thread, in fact, connects Aleksandr Bogdanov (Red Star, 1908), Evgeny Zamyatin (We, 1921) and Vladimir Mayakovsky (The Bedbug, 1929): the growing awareness that the Communist revolution, as Lenin had conceived it, was little more than a model and that a model could not describe – much less forecast – a complex reality (a complex system) like a social and political one. As a result of this awareness, hope and a dark prophecy (Bogdanov) slowly turn into despair (Mayakovsky). The model is subsumed by Vladimir Mayakovsky’s dystopian satire of The Bedbug and The Bathhouse which propose a new paradigm of dystopia: a bottleneck in the flow of the information produced by blind adherence to a preconceived project that prevents the discovery and the implementation of la volonté générale in so complex a system as human society.Для периода господства революционных идей в России начала XX в. были характерны противоречивые настроения надежды и страха. Это ярко проявлялось и во многих произведениях русской литературы, начиная с 1908 г. и вплоть до сталинской эпохи. Такие представления были связующей нитью для творчества Александра Богданова (Красная Звезда, 1908), Евгения Замятина (Мы, 1921) и Владимира Маяковского (Клоп, 1929): по их изменениям можно проследить то, как в сознании людей росло убеждение, что коммунистическая революция – всего лишь абстрактная модель. А модель не может описать и, тем более, предсказать сложную реальность, включающую в себя социальную и политическую системы. Из осознания этого факта, по мнению автора, и происходит мрачное пророчество А. Богданова (соединенное с надеждой), которое затем перерастает в отчаяние у В. Маяковского. Эта модель представлена в сатире Маяковского – в «Клопе» и «Бане», в которых возникает новая парадигма антиутопии: информационная ограниченность, вызванная слепым следованием заранее заданному замыслу, препятствует открытию и внедрению volonté générale (всеобщей воли как результата ограничения людьми своих прав) в такой сложной системе как человеческое общество

Exactly Solvable Balanced Tenable Urns with Random Entries via the Analytic Methodology

This paper develops an analytic theory for the study of some Polya urns with random rules. The idea is to extend the isomorphism theorem in Flajolet et al. (2006), which connects deterministic balanced urns to a differential system for the generating function. The methodology is based upon adaptation of operators and use of a weighted probability generating function. Systems of differential equations are developed, and when they can be solved, they lead to characterization of the exact distributions underlying the urn evolution. We give a few illustrative examples.Comment: 23rd International Meeting on Probabilistic, Combinatorial, and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA'12), Montreal : Canada (2012

Climatic Variations in South Dakota 1900 - 1950

Most of South Dakota lies within the Great Plains of the United States. Thus, the climate of South Dakota, like that of the Great Plains, has been one of relatively little precipitation and frequent droughts. However, periods of rather high rainfall have led to considerable optimism. Likewise droughts like those of the 1930\u27s may have led to too much pessimism. What is the real picture of the variability of South Dakota climate? The purpose of this pamphlet is to help answer this question. No one knows with certainty what will happen in the future. The best indication of what can be expected in future years is indicated by past patterns of precipitation and droughts. This pattern can be pictured by a set of maps which show areas that were dry or wet and how they change from year to year. This pamphlet presents such maps for the years 1900 through 1950. The maps for 1930 to 1933 have been redrawn from those previously published. Those from 1934 to 1950 were prepared using the same method. These maps are divided by lines into arid, semi-arid, dry subhumid, moist subhumid, humid, and superhumid moisture regions. These terms were established for the United States by observing the effects of different amounts of moisture on plants in the Great Plains

Sustainable Tourism in Campania Region: Statistical Analysis and Metrics for the Development of Tourist Destinations

This paper deals with the issue of the sustainable tourism in Campania region and its touristic offer in the four territorial clusters: art cities, marine, thermal and hilly locations. In the paper it is pointed out that the way the regional authorities incentivize or assist touristic firms to diversify into tourism may have implications for sustainability. In this work we measured the potential of tourism by the aggregation of 11 indicators. In this study was estimated by the Global Tourism Index (G) for the region and for the four territorial areas (cluster), obtained from the combination of structural variables (number of accommodation facilities and of beds) and of flows (arrivals and presences) registered in Campania tourism. Finally, some emerging territorial strategies are proposed for the integrated development of a tourist system in the Campania Region. That is, the tourist destinations and the territorial brand. The final aim of this research is to develop and test a new Global Index for evaluating the sustainable development in tourism industry context to address the integration of social, economic, and ecological elements of sustainable development

Towards a unified software attack model to assess software protections

Attackers can tamper with programs to break usage conditions. Different software protection techniques have been proposed to limit the possibility of tampering. Some of them just limit the possibility to understand the (binary) code, others react more actively when a change attempt is detected. However, the validation of the software protection techniques has been always conducted without taking into consideration a unified process adopted by attackers to tamper with programs. In this paper we present an extension of the mini-cycle of change, initially proposed to model the process of changing program for maintenance, to describe the process faced by an attacker to defeat software protections. This paper also shows how this new model should support a developer when considering what are the most appropriate protections to deplo