5 research outputs found
Cigarette smoking in Poland in 2019: the continuing decline in smoking prevalence
The aim of the study: To present comprehensive national estimates of prevalence of cigarette smoking by
sociodemographic characteristics in Poland in 2019 and to analyse the changes in smoking prevalence in
the Polish population after 2014.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of adult Polish population
was conducted on 4-11 July 2019 by the Public Opinion Research Center (Centrum Badania Opinii
Społecznej). A total of 1016 adults (42.4% men and 57.6% women) aged 20 years and older were included in the analysis. Data for smoking prevalence were analysed according to gender, age groups, birth
cohorts, place of residence and education. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica 13.1 and assumed
a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: Of the total sample population, 21.8% of Polish adults declared they are daily smokers (in the
general population this would translate to 6.8 million Poles, including 3.9 million men and 2.9 million
women), 27.8% that they are ex-smokers and 50.4% that they never smoked tobacco. More men than
women declared they are daily smokers (26.9% vs 18.1%) and ex-smokers (36.2% vs 21.5%), and women
were more likely to declare they are never smokers than men (60.3% vs 36.9%).
Conclusions: Poland has experienced a decrease in smoking prevalence since 1976 in men and since
1982 in women. In 2019 the most important factor shaping smoking prevalence in Poland was education.
Sex differences in smoking rates have been converging since late 1970s. Those with lower levels of education, as well as middle-aged men and women (45-64 years old) were found to have the highest levels of
daily smoking and should be offered targeted support promoting smoking cessation. There is an urgent
need to bring back and strengthen a national tobacco control strategy in Poland. This should include
systematic annual surveys of smoking behaviours on a representative sample of Polish population using
a standardised methodolog
Sleep Duration and Bedtime in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and the Link with Noncommunicable Diseases
(1) Background: The objective was to investigate the association between sleep duration, bedtime, and noncommunicable diseases in the PURE Poland cohort study. (2) Methods: The baseline study was conducted in 2007–2010. The study group comprised 2023 adult inhabitants of urban and rural areas in Lower Silesia, Poland. The study protocol included questionnaires, blood pressure measurements, blood draws, and anthropometric measurements. Sleep duration and bedtime were self-reported. (3) Results: The median sleep duration of women was 30 min longer than men (8 h vs. 7.5 h; p = 0.001). The average time of sleep increased along with the age of the participants. A sleep duration of >8 h was more common in rural than in urban participants (40.2% vs. 27.1%; respectively; p < 0.001). The relative risk of diabetes, stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and obesity was significantly higher in participants who went to bed between 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. in comparison to those who went to bed between 10 p.m. and 12 a.m. (RR 2.23, 95% CI 1.06–4.67; RR 2.52, 95% CI 1.28 to 4.97; RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04–1.20; RR 1.36; 95% CI 1.1–1.68; RR 1.38; 95% CI 1.15–1.66, respectively). The relative risk of respiratory diseases was two-fold higher in those who went to bed after midnight in comparison to those who went to bed between 10 p.m. and 12 a.m. (RR 2.24; 95% CI 1.19–4.22). (4) Conclusions: In our study, an earlier bedtime was associated with a higher risk of diabetes, stroke, obesity, hypertension, and CVD
Table_1_Dietary habits, physical activity, and self-reported rhinosinusitis in children and adolescents.DOCX
BackgroundPediatric paranasal rhinosinusitis is one of the more common pediatric diseases of the upper respiratory tract and it entails significant morbidity. Most commonly, it is caused by a viral infection of the nasal mucosa, which spreads through the natural passages within the cavities of the paranasal sinuses, leading to inflammation of the mucosa that lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.MethodsThe objective of this cohort study was to assess whether there is a correlation between pediatric rhinosinusitis, physical activity, and selected dietary habits among pupils aged 6 to 16 years from elementary schools in Wrocław, Poland. This study – as part of the pro-health program “Let us Get the Kids Moving” – is also aimed at establishing factors that potentially predispose children to developing RS. The survey study was conducted on a group of 2,458 children and adolescents from elementary schools in Wrocław. The age of the examined children ranged from 6 to 17 years (mean = 10.8 years; standard deviation = 2.7).ResultsRhinosinusitis was more common in the children aged 13–17 years than in those aged 6–9 years (6.4% vs. 1.5%; p  11 years, attending swimming classes fewer than 1–2 times a week, using a computer, consuming milk, salty snacks, and carbonated sweet drinks, consuming fruit fewer than 1–2 times a week, not attending physical education classes, eating fewer than 4 meals, and not eating breakfast at home (p ConclusionIt is of great importance to establish preventive measures against recurrent upper respiratory tract infections that may predispose children to rhinosinusitis. Introducing healthier, traditional dietary habits and regular physical activity in children and adolescents may result in normal and adequate immune response and proper functioning of the inflammatory control system.</p
The plasma oxylipin signature provides a deep phenotyping of metabolic syndrome complementary to the clinical criteria
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition encompassing a constellation of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Oxylipins are a superfamily of lipid mediators regulating many cardiometabolic functions. Plasma oxylipin signature could provide a new clinical tool to enhance the phenotyping of MetS pathophysiology. A high-throughput validated mass spectrometry method, allowing for the quantitative profiling of over 130 oxylipins, was applied to identify and validate the oxylipin signature of MetS in two independent nested case/control studies involving 476 participants. We identified an oxylipin signature of MetS (coined OxyScore), including 23 oxylipins and having high performances in classification and replicability (cross-validated AUCROC of 89%, 95% CI: 85–93% and 78%, 95% CI: 72–85% in the Discovery and Replication studies, respectively). Correlation analysis and comparison with a classification model incorporating the MetS criteria showed that the oxylipin signature brings consistent and complementary information to the clinical criteria. Being linked with the regulation of various biological processes, the candidate oxylipins provide an integrative phenotyping of MetS regarding the activation and/or negative feedback regulation of crucial molecular pathways. This may help identify patients at higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The oxylipin signature of patients with metabolic syndrome enhances MetS phenotyping and may ultimately help to better stratify the risk of cardiometabolic diseases
Association of nut intake with risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 16 countries from 5 continents: analysis from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
BACKGROUND: The association of nuts with cardiovascular disease and deaths has been investigated mostly in Europe, the USA, and East Asia, with few data available from other regions of the world or from low- and middle-income countries.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of nuts with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
METHODS: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study is a large multinational prospective cohort study of adults aged 35-70 y from 16 low-, middle-, and high-income countries on 5 continents. Nut intake (tree nuts and ground nuts) was measured at the baseline visit, using country-specific validated FFQs. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or major cardiovascular event [nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or heart failure].
RESULTS: We followed 124,329 participants (age = 50.7 y, SD = 10.2; 41.5% male) for a median of 9.5 y. We recorded 10,928 composite events [deaths (n = 8,662) or major cardiovascular events (n = 5,979)]. Higher nut intake (\u3e120 g per wk compared withmo) was associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome of mortality or major cardiovascular event [multivariate HR (mvHR): 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.96; P-trend = 0.0048]. Significant reductions in total (mvHR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.87; P-trend
CONCLUSIONS: Higher nut intake was associated with lower mortality risk from both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes in low-, middle-, and high-income countries