Potentially toxic element phytoavailability assessment in Technosols from former smelting and mining areas

International audienceThis study reports the chemical bioavailability of several potentially toxic elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb) in contaminated Technosols from two former smelting and mining areas. Though these elements have long been recognized as potentially harmful elements, understanding of their toxicity and environmental behavior in Technosols developed on former mining and smelting sites are more limited, particularly for As and Sb. Surface soils were sampled from metallophyte grassland contaminated with Zn, Pb, and Cd located at Mortagne-du-Nord (North France) and from a former mining settling basin contaminated with As, Pb, and Sb located at la Petite Faye (Limoges, France). Various selective single extraction procedures (CaCl2, NaNO3, NH4NO3, DTPA, and EDTA) were used together with germination tests with dwarf beans whose shoots were analyzed for their potentially toxic element concentrations after 21 days of growth. The extraction capacity of the potentially toxic elements followed the order EDTA > DTPA > NH4NO3 > CaCl2 > NaNO3 for both studied areas. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis between the concentrations of potentially toxic elements accumulated in bean primary leaves or their mineral mass with their extractable concentrations showed a positive significant correlation with dilute CaCl2 and nitrate solutions extraction procedures. In contrast, for all studied elements, except Pb, the complexing and chelating extractants (EDTA and DTPA) exhibited poor correlation with the dwarf bean leaves concentrations. Moreover, results showed that the 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction procedure was the most suitable and provided the most useful indications of metal phytoavailability for studied elements

Détermination, spéciation et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols contaminés et technosols

This thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils.Cette thèse a porté sur la détermination et l’étude écodynamique d’éléments traces métalliques sur des technosols fortement contaminés en métaux et metalloïdes en contexte de revégétalisation naturelle ou de phytoremédiation. Deux schémas d'extractions séquentielles ont été utilisés conjointement à des extractions sélectives en parallèle avec la détermination de la concentration totale dans les sols, de la concentration totale dissoute dans les eaux porales, du pool labile (sondes DGT) et des tests de germination avec des haricots nains pour étudier la spéciation, la mobilité et la phytodisponibilité de métaux et métalloïdes (Zn, Pb, Cd, As et Sb) pour les technosols de deux sites post-minier (La Petite Faye) et industriel (Mortagne-du-Nord). De plus de jeunes plants de P. euramericana Dorskamp ont été cultivés en rhizobox sur les technosols de Mortagne-du-Nord pour étudier l’effet rhizosphèrique sur la mobilité des métaux. Enfin l’effet de l’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium sur le comportement de ces métaux a été également étudié pour P. euramericana Dorskamp sur ces mêmes sols. Malgré les fortes concentrations totales en métaux et métalloïdes dans les sols du site de La Petite Faye, la mobilité de ces éléments potentiellement toxiques est limitée car associés à la fraction résiduelle. La phytodisponibilité est également limitée et corrélée avec le pool labile des technosols. La culture de P. euramericana Dorskamp a généré un effet rhizosphèrique caractérisé par une augmentation de la valeur du pH et la concentration de carbone organique dissout (COD) de la solution de sol ainsi qu’une diminution des concentrations totale dissoute des métaux (Zn, Pb et Cd) dans la solution de sol. L’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium a respectivement augmenté et diminué le pH de la solution de sol et dans le cas de l’ammonium a augmenté également le COD et stabilisé les métaux dans la rhizosphère par rapport aux sols de contrôle

The effect of basic strength training on developing some physical variables in football for beginners

Skillful performances require strength in a fundamental way, and its importance, role, and structure emerge from one activity to another according to the requirements set by the situations of this activity to reach the higher levels. The purpose of this paper is to establishing basic strength training exercises to developing some physical variables for beginners and to identify the effect of the exercises. A sample of (36) beginners, from the football school in Wasit Governorate, (age = 10.5 ± 1.5 years, height = 142.32 ± 3.87 cm, mass 38.95 ± 3.71 kg) participated in the study. The participants in the experimental group (n=36) completed pre-tests and post-tests.The results of the experimental sample show that there was a significant improvement in the mean scores for basic strength on the post-test compared to the pre-test. The mean score Sprint 30 m from (5.95 to 5.08, p<0.005), the mean score for the Bend the torso forward and down from standing from (1.41 to 3.91, p<0.005), (Agility from (10.55 to 8.57, p<0.005), and the mean score for (measuring eye-leg coordination) from (13.49 to 9.93, p<0.005). The most important conclusions are that the exercises have a clear impact on the players’ abilities and in a positive direction. It has become clear to distinguish the differences between the two research groups in terms of the external appearance of the muscles and the positive impact on the psychological state

Implementation of a long range-based monitoring system for environmental remote safety schemes

The effects of poor air quality on people are profound. Air pollution and health issues are linked to millions of deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO)and the environmental protection agency (EPA)have produced several regulations and guidelines to control and enhanceair quality. Several authors have recently suggested low-cost tools for instantly assessing air quality. the abundance of inexpensive ways to assess air quality and collect sensor data. The design and employment of remote safety monitoring for humidity, temperature, and carbon monoxide has been merged into a single tool in this work. The results findings can be observed on the actual measured instrument’s organic light-emitting diode (OLED)show and the liquid crystal display (LCD)remote monitoring system. This device uses ESP32 microcontroller with long range (LoRa)wireless communication technology.The DHT22 sensor is used to detect humidity and temperature, while the MQ-7 sensor is used to monitor carbon monoxide levels. Testing measurements are calibrated using instruments that meet industrial standards (AS8700A CO meter and 4,000 NV weather tracker) used in environmental station. If the abnormalities in the recorded parameters are detected, then alert will be triggered. This instrument can help patients and workers to check their surroundings and provide remote monitoring to health service providers

Détermination, spéciation et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols contaminés et technosols

This thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils.Cette thèse a porté sur la détermination et l’étude écodynamique d’éléments traces métalliques sur des technosols fortement contaminés en métaux et metalloïdes en contexte de revégétalisation naturelle ou de phytoremédiation. Deux schémas d'extractions séquentielles ont été utilisés conjointement à des extractions sélectives en parallèle avec la détermination de la concentration totale dans les sols, de la concentration totale dissoute dans les eaux porales, du pool labile (sondes DGT) et des tests de germination avec des haricots nains pour étudier la spéciation, la mobilité et la phytodisponibilité de métaux et métalloïdes (Zn, Pb, Cd, As et Sb) pour les technosols de deux sites post-minier (La Petite Faye) et industriel (Mortagne-du-Nord). De plus de jeunes plants de P. euramericana Dorskamp ont été cultivés en rhizobox sur les technosols de Mortagne-du-Nord pour étudier l’effet rhizosphèrique sur la mobilité des métaux. Enfin l’effet de l’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium sur le comportement de ces métaux a été également étudié pour P. euramericana Dorskamp sur ces mêmes sols. Malgré les fortes concentrations totales en métaux et métalloïdes dans les sols du site de La Petite Faye, la mobilité de ces éléments potentiellement toxiques est limitée car associés à la fraction résiduelle. La phytodisponibilité est également limitée et corrélée avec le pool labile des technosols. La culture de P. euramericana Dorskamp a généré un effet rhizosphèrique caractérisé par une augmentation de la valeur du pH et la concentration de carbone organique dissout (COD) de la solution de sol ainsi qu’une diminution des concentrations totale dissoute des métaux (Zn, Pb et Cd) dans la solution de sol. L’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium a respectivement augmenté et diminué le pH de la solution de sol et dans le cas de l’ammonium a augmenté également le COD et stabilisé les métaux dans la rhizosphère par rapport aux sols de contrôle

Détermination, spéciation et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols contaminés et technosols

This thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils.Cette thèse a porté sur la détermination et l’étude écodynamique d’éléments traces métalliques sur des technosols fortement contaminés en métaux et metalloïdes en contexte de revégétalisation naturelle ou de phytoremédiation. Deux schémas d'extractions séquentielles ont été utilisés conjointement à des extractions sélectives en parallèle avec la détermination de la concentration totale dans les sols, de la concentration totale dissoute dans les eaux porales, du pool labile (sondes DGT) et des tests de germination avec des haricots nains pour étudier la spéciation, la mobilité et la phytodisponibilité de métaux et métalloïdes (Zn, Pb, Cd, As et Sb) pour les technosols de deux sites post-minier (La Petite Faye) et industriel (Mortagne-du-Nord). De plus de jeunes plants de P. euramericana Dorskamp ont été cultivés en rhizobox sur les technosols de Mortagne-du-Nord pour étudier l’effet rhizosphèrique sur la mobilité des métaux. Enfin l’effet de l’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium sur le comportement de ces métaux a été également étudié pour P. euramericana Dorskamp sur ces mêmes sols. Malgré les fortes concentrations totales en métaux et métalloïdes dans les sols du site de La Petite Faye, la mobilité de ces éléments potentiellement toxiques est limitée car associés à la fraction résiduelle. La phytodisponibilité est également limitée et corrélée avec le pool labile des technosols. La culture de P. euramericana Dorskamp a généré un effet rhizosphèrique caractérisé par une augmentation de la valeur du pH et la concentration de carbone organique dissout (COD) de la solution de sol ainsi qu’une diminution des concentrations totale dissoute des métaux (Zn, Pb et Cd) dans la solution de sol. L’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium a respectivement augmenté et diminué le pH de la solution de sol et dans le cas de l’ammonium a augmenté également le COD et stabilisé les métaux dans la rhizosphère par rapport aux sols de contrôle

Determination, speciation and bioavailability study of trace metals in contaminated soils and technosols

Cette thèse a porté sur la détermination et l’étude écodynamique d’éléments traces métalliques sur des technosols fortement contaminés en métaux et metalloïdes en contexte de revégétalisation naturelle ou de phytoremédiation. Deux schémas d'extractions séquentielles ont été utilisés conjointement à des extractions sélectives en parallèle avec la détermination de la concentration totale dans les sols, de la concentration totale dissoute dans les eaux porales, du pool labile (sondes DGT) et des tests de germination avec des haricots nains pour étudier la spéciation, la mobilité et la phytodisponibilité de métaux et métalloïdes (Zn, Pb, Cd, As et Sb) pour les technosols de deux sites post-minier (La Petite Faye) et industriel (Mortagne-du-Nord). De plus de jeunes plants de P. euramericana Dorskamp ont été cultivés en rhizobox sur les technosols de Mortagne-du-Nord pour étudier l’effet rhizosphèrique sur la mobilité des métaux. Enfin l’effet de l’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium sur le comportement de ces métaux a été également étudié pour P. euramericana Dorskamp sur ces mêmes sols. Malgré les fortes concentrations totales en métaux et métalloïdes dans les sols du site de La Petite Faye, la mobilité de ces éléments potentiellement toxiques est limitée car associés à la fraction résiduelle. La phytodisponibilité est également limitée et corrélée avec le pool labile des technosols. La culture de P. euramericana Dorskamp a généré un effet rhizosphèrique caractérisé par une augmentation de la valeur du pH et la concentration de carbone organique dissout (COD) de la solution de sol ainsi qu’une diminution des concentrations totale dissoute des métaux (Zn, Pb et Cd) dans la solution de sol. L’addition d’azote sous forme de nitrate et d’ammonium a respectivement augmenté et diminué le pH de la solution de sol et dans le cas de l’ammonium a augmenté également le COD et stabilisé les métaux dans la rhizosphère par rapport aux sols de contrôle.This thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils

Potassium Hydroxide Activated Peanut Shell as an Effective Adsorbent for the Removal of Zinc, Lead and Cadmium from Wastewater

The toxic heavy metals, as non-biodegradable pollutants, have become a serious threat to aquatic environment. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of the low cost, available and environment-friendly peanut shell as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Zn, Pb and Cd from wastewater. The peanut shell was prepared by carbonization by pyrolysis process at 550 °C, activated with 7M potassium hydroxide(KOH) at 750 °C, and then characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The optimum conditions for metal ions adsorption were investigated as a function of various parameters. The optimum conditions included: pH of 6, initial metal concentrations of 20 mg/l for Pb and Zn as well as 40 mg/l for Cd, adsorbent mass of 2 g, optimum temperature of 45 °C and the preferable contact time of 60 min. The removal percent for the studied metal ions exceeded 98%. The adsorption isotherm showed that the Langmuir model was the best fitted model for the metal ions adsorption onto activated peanut shell surface, and the kinetic of adsorption followed the pseudo-first order model. The obtained results showed that the KOH-activated peanut shell possess higher adsorption efficiency for the removal of the studied metal ions from wastewater

Potentially toxic element fractionation in technosoils using two sequential extraction schemes

International audienceThis study reports the chemical fractionation of several potentially toxic elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb) in contaminated technosoils of two former smelting and mining areas using two sequential extraction schemes. The extraction schemes used in this study were the Tessier's scheme and a modified BCR scheme. The fractions were rearranged into four equivalent fractions defined as acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual to compare the results obtained from two sequential extraction schemes. Surface soils were samples from a waste landfill contaminated with Zn, Pb, and Cd located at Mortagne-du-Nord (MDN; North France) and from a settling basin contaminated with PTE such as As, Pb, and Sb located at La Petite Faye (LPF; Limoges, France). The study of the Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb partitioning in the acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions of the technosoils revealed that Zn, Cd, and Pb were mainly associated with the acid soluble and reducible fractions for MDN site, while As, Sb, and Pb were associated with residual fraction for LPF site. Fractionation results indicate that the percentages of Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb extracted in Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction of Tessier's scheme were always higher than those extracted by modified BCR scheme. This may be attributed to the stronger Tessier's scheme conditions used to extract this fraction. In contrast the percentages of Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb extracted in the organic fraction of the modified BCR scheme were always higher than those of the Tessier's scheme. The order of mobility of PTE was as follows: Cd > Zn > Pb in MDN site and As > Sb > Pb in LPF site. PTE were distributed in all soil fractions, with the most relevant enrichments in extractable and residual fractions. A significant amount of Cd, Pb, and Zn were rather mobile, which suggests that these elements can be readily available to plants and soil organisms