Meat enriched-diet and inflammation promote PI3Kα-dependent pancreatic cell plasticity that limit tissue regeneration

We identify PI3K activation as a common molecular pathway activated by increased consumption of red and processed meat and by inflammatory condition to promote pancreatic plasticity and precancer lesion development. How this study might affect research, practice or policyAs we show that treatments with the clinically available PI3Kα inhibitor block pancreatic plasticity under inflammatory stress while maintaining pancreas mass and limiting inflammatory reaction damage, they may represent an efficient and safe preventive interception drug in patients at risk of developing pancreatic cancer. PI3K pro-cancer action is exacerbated by the loss of serine synthesis enzyme; hence, diets that alter amino acid synthesis should be tightly controlled in those patients.</div

Parametric enviro-economic analysis of cooling photovoltaic panels with phase change materials

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Fracture-induced variations in mechanical properties of silty mudstone under triaxial stress

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Revisiting VOC and PM1 Emission Factors from ships in Dunkirk

National audienceGlobally, maritime transport is by far the most widely used transportation mode for goods. This comes with considerable impacts on climate and air quality. Besides inorganic emissions, like SO2 and NOx, that are subject of recent regulations, particles and VOCs are emitted but not regulated. However, these pollutants influence both air quality and the chemical composition of the marine atmosphere. Here, we present results from measurement campaigns in two major French harbours for which new emission factors (EFs) for inorganic gasses and VOCs were determined. Importantly, speciated VOC emission factors show that although oxygenated VOC are comparable to literature reported EFs, EFs for the non-oxygenated VOCs observed in France show important differences (2-3 orders of magnitude). Observations of non-combustion related emissions of methane will also be discussed. These results will be used in regional models to better estimate the contribution of shipping to particle formation, atmospheric composition and air quality

Real-World Asphalt Pavement Emissions: Combining Simulation Chamber Measurements and City Scale Modeling to Elucidate the Impacts on Air Quality

International audienceIn this paper, the role of asphalt pavement emissions in urban air quality was assessed combining laboratory experiments and city-scale air-quality modeling. In particular, the emission factors (EFs) of volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (VOCs and IVOCs) of asphalt pavements were determined in an atmospheric simulation chamber. Relative humidity (RH) and simulated solar light UV-A radiation were found to play a key role in the emission of VOCs and IVOCs. RH significantly increased the EFs, and predominantly those of oxygenated VOCs, due to changes in the microphysical properties of the materials. Under UV-A radiation, EFs were enhanced, due to the photochemical process induced on the asphalt–air interface. IVOCs were found to account for up to 30% of the Total EFs measured. Considering Paris as a case study, asphalt emissions in air-quality simulations lead to an increase in organic aerosol concentrations of at least 3%, during average summer daytime conditions. We estimate this impact significantly higher, in case all the IVOCs emissions are included in the model. This highlights the significant influence of solar radiation on emissions from old asphalt when exposed to UV radiation and the impact on air quality during the summer

Discrete-Element Method Study of the Effect of Ballast Layer Depth on the Performance of Railway Ballast Bed

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Experimental investigation of mechanical behavior and thermal damage of hot dry rock exposing to different cooling conditions

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Carrier gas selection in SIFT-MS: Implications for reagent ions abundance, and ambient VOC detection and quantification

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