Reactions of selected eggplant cultivars and lines to verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.

Verticillium wilt caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. leads to decrease in the yield and quality of eggplant, an economically important vegetable in Turkey. To develop eggplant lines that are resistant to or tolerant to verticillium wilt, this study used cultivars K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-5, K-6, K-7 and K-8 in the studies presented here. The wild species Solanum torvum and Solanum sodemeum; the resistant cultivated forms DK-1, DK-2, DK-3, DK-4 and DK-6; and the cultivar DK-5 were also included in the study. For the pathogenicity tests, an isolate of V. dahliae used was identified by PCR at the Plant Protection Department of the Faculty of Agriculture, A. Menderes University. All the plant materials were tested with this isolate in 2004 and again in 2005. Results from the two years were similar; the lowest disease ratio was obtained from the DK-5 line in both years. F1 plants were obtained through hybridisation of cultivar K-1 and line DK-5, which were determined to be respectively susceptible and tolerant to V. dahliae. Next, F2 plants were obtained by selfing F1. In 2006, cultivar K-1, line DK-5, and F1 and F2 plants underwent pathogenicity tests. At the end of the pathogenity test, the disease  severity in cultivar K-1 and line DK-5 was similar to that seen in previous years, whereas the yellowing and wilting values of F1 plant leaves, as well as stem isolation and reisolation results, were higher than those of F2 plants. Using a 0 to 5 scale and considering the yellowing area on leaves, the disease severity in F1 plants was determined to be 38%; the severity value ranged from 2 to 6% in 55% of 200 F1 plants and from 36 to 44% in the remaining 45%.Key words: Solanum melongena, Verticillium dahliae, resistance, hybridisation

Risperidone in the treatment of conduct disorder in preschool children without intellectual disability

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4^thedition Textrevision) highlights the especially poor outcomes of early-onset conduct disorder (CD). The strong link between the patient's age at treatment and its efficacy points the importance of early intervention. Risperidone is one of the most commonly studied medications used to treat CD in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to obtain preliminary data about the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone treatment in otherwise typically developing preschool children with conduct disorder and severe behavioral problems.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>We recruited 12 otherwise normally developing preschoolers (ten boys and two girls) with CD for this study. We could not follow up with 4 children at control visits properly; thus, 8 children (six girls, two boys; mean age: 42.4 months) completed the study. We treated the patients with risperidone in an open-label fashion for 8 weeks, starting with a daily dosage of 0.125 mg/day or 0.25 mg/day depending on the patient's weight (<20 kg children: 0.125 mg/day; >20 kg children: 0.25 mg/day). Dosage titration and increments were performed at 2-week interval clinical assessments. The Turgay DSM-IV Based Disruptive Behavior Disorders Child and Adolescent Rating & Screening Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) as well as the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) assessed treatment efficacy; the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) and laboratory evaluations assessed treatment safety.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean daily dosage of risperidone at the end of 8 weeks was 0.78 mg/day (SD: 0.39) with a maximum dosage of 1.50 mg/day. Based on the CGI global improvement item, we classified all patients as "responders" (very much or much improved). Risperidone was associated with a 78% reduction in the CGI Severity score. We also detected significant improvements on all of the subscales of the T-DSM-IV-S. Tolerability was good, and serious adverse effects were not observed. We detected statistically significant prolactin level increments (p < 0.05), but no clinical symptoms associated with prolactinemia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that risperidone may be an effective and well-tolerated atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of CD in otherwise normally developing preschool children. The findings of the study should be interpreted as preliminary data considering its small sample size and open-label methodology.</p

JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT

The standard varieties of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) from populations of the Bayrampasa and Sakizi varieties were developed by using a vegetative clonal selection method. This research project was conducted at two different locations and the resulting second lineage for Bayrampasa and the second lineage for Sakiz were found to be the best standard varieties based on the evaluation of the quality parameters. In bract leaves and fruit heads of new developed artichoke varieties, analytical quality characteristics including moisture (%), ash (%), total sugar, invert sugar, sucrose, total fat level and total protein content were analysed to determine the proximate composition. Besides, the well-developed varieties were commercially registered as Sakiz, Bayrampasa, Sebnem and Simsek names by the Ataturk Horticulture Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

chronic disorders and healthy children?

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, restricted interests, and repetitive patterns of behavior. This study examined quality of life (QoL) and related clinical factors in children with ASD, compared to children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with asthma, and healthy controls (HC). Methods: QoL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQLTM 4.0). Additionally, parents of the children provided sociodemographic information and filled out an evaluation questionnaire, child behavior check list (CBCL), and Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). Results: The physical health, psychosocial health, social functioning, and scale total score of the ASD group were significantly lower than those of the three comparison groups. The school functioning score domain was lower in the ASD group than in the asthma and HC groups. In contrast, the emotional functioning domain assessments did not reveal statistically significant differences between the ASD group and the comparison groups. In the ASD group, the total problem score, inattention, and hyperactivity scores were significantly higher than both the asthma and HC groups, and the internalizing scores were higher than the healthy group. Conclusion: The poor QoL is most likely due to functional losses and problem behaviors related to ASD and may negatively affect not only children with ASD but also the whole life of the family

Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated screen use habits, problematic internet use (PIU), and screen-psychopathology relationship in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. The study included 277 children and adolescents (129 [46.4%] girls) aged between 6-17 years referred to a psychiatry outpatient setting for various reasons. All parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while adolescents also completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The mean screen time was 3.85 (SD = 2.72) hours per day. Longer screen times were found among children and adolescents with specific psychiatric disorders compared to those with no psychiatric symptoms; especially among those with internalizing disorders (i.e., an anxiety disorder and/or depression), but also with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder. Longer screen time may be related with more functioning impairments. Based on the IAT, 2.1% of adolescents may have PIU. The findings from this study suggest that children and adolescents with psychiatric symptoms may have prolonged screen times. This needs to be taken into account during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.C1 [Basay, Burge Kabukcu; Basay, Omer; Akdogan, Cemre; Karaisli, Seyma; Satilmis, Merve; Gozen, Burcu; Sekerci, Naci Bahadir; Co, Omerbasaygmail] Pamukkale Univ, Med Fac, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Denizli, Turkey

A Comparison of Organically and Conventionally Grown Artichokes: Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities

Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is one of the most suitable plants for growing organically. Artichoke has been used as choleretic, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, cholesterol-reducing, and diuretic in traditional medicine. Artichoke has been cultivated worldwide because of its nutritional value and medicinal properties. In this study organically and conventionally grown artichokes were compared in terms of phenolic constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Artichoke leaves, bracts, and floral receptacles obtained from 2 different sources (organic and conventional) were freeze-dried, powdered, and extracts were prepared with methanol. Phenolic constituents (chlorogenic acid, cynarin, luteolin, and apigenin) were analysed by HPLC-DAD system. It was found that organic farming enhanced cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin amounts in receptacle (edible part). Organically grown leaves had also higher amounts of cynarin and chlorogenic acid than conventional ones. Cynarin amount was higher by 35% in organic receptacle and 20% in organic leaves. Organic farming also augmented the antioxidant property and flavonoid content of edible parts of the artichoke. Additionally, organically grown leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial activity was observed with both organic and conventional leaves only against Staphylococcus epidermidis. This comparative study revealed that organic farming enhanced the health-beneficial medicinal values of artichoke's heart and leaves

Modafinil Dependence: A Case with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Modafinil is generally known as a drug with low addiction potential. There are few case reports in the literature demonstrating that Modafinil, stated being capable of diminishing symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), causes addiction. In the present article a Modafinil addicted ADHD case, consuming usurious doses (5,000 mg/per day) of Modafinil is presented. The case presented to our psychiatry outpatient clinic due to: requirement of in taking high dose Modafinil in order to achieve the initial effects, difficulty in obtaining the drug, irritability, anxiousness, sleep irregularities, fatigue and unpleasant vivid dreams when he did not use the drug. It was realized that the patient, himself increased doses of Modafinil incrementally, in order to keep its effects on attention symptoms at the same level. It has to be kept in mind that ADHD patients can develop Modafinil addiction. It is necessary to carry out systemic studies on this subject

White matter alterations related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and COMT val158met polymorphism: Children with valine homozygote attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have altered white matter connectivity in the right cingulum (cingulate gyrus)

Introduction: In this article, the COMT gene val158met polymorphism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related differences in diffusion-tensor-imaging-measured white matter (WM) structure in children with ADHD and controls were investigated. Patients and methods: A total of 71 children diagnosed with ADHD and 24 controls aged 8–15 years were recruited. Using diffusion tensor imaging, COMT polymorphism and ADHD-related WM alterations were investigated, and any interaction effect between the COMT polymorphism and ADHD was also examined. The effects of age, sex, and estimated total IQ were controlled by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: First, an interaction between the COMT val158met polymorphism and ADHD in the right (R) cingulum (cingulate gyrus) (CGC) was found. According to this, valine (val) homozygote ADHD-diagnosed children had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the R-CGC than ADHD-diagnosed methionine (met) carriers, and val homozygote controls had higher FA and lower RD in the R-CGC than val homozygote ADHD patients. Second, met carriers had higher FA and axial diffusivity in the left (L)-uncinate fasciculus and lower RD in the L-posterior corona radiata and L-posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation) than the val homozygotes, independent of ADHD diagnosis. Third, children with ADHD had lower FA in the L-CGC and R-retrolenticular part of the internal capsule than the controls, independent of the COMT polymorphism. Conclusion: Significant differences reported here may be evidence that the COMT gene val158met polymorphism variants, as well as ADHD, could affect brain development. ADHD and the COMT polymorphism might be interactively affecting WM development in the R-CGC to alter the WM connectivity in children with val homozygote ADHD. © 2016 Kabukcu Basay et al