How successful is the volumetric ADC value in forecasting isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status of adult-type diffuse glioma?

Abstract Background Gliomas are the most common central nervous system tumours. The 2021 fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System introduced significant changes in molecular features of tumours such as IDH types. We aim to investigate the relationship between the ADC value measured in preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging and the IDH profile in patients diagnosed with adult-type diffuse glioma. Forty patients who were operated on for diffuse glioma were included in the study and were divided into two groups, 'wild-type' (group 1) and 'mutant-type' (group 2), according to their Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) profiles based on The fifth edition (2021) of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Preoperative MRI images of the patients were evaluated for tumour side, location and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. In addition, ADC values were analysed and compared in both groups. Results The mean age of the patients was 61.17 ± 14.24 years. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) were diagnosed as IDH-wild tumours, and 13 (32.5%) patients were diagnosed as IDH-mutant. In comparison between the two groups, there was no statistical difference between ADCmean, ADCmin, ADCmax and Ki67 values (p:0.931; p:0.820; p:0.519 and p:0.159, respectively). Conclusions It is obvious that effective and minimally invasive measurements such as ADC will take part in managing intracranial tumours. However, in this technique, closely related to cellular intensity, it is not always possible to distinguish subtyping at the molecular level, such as IDH

Covid-19-induced cavernous sinus thrombosis in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient: case report

Abstract Background Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a very rare disease and can occur as a result of pharyngitis, a face infection, sinusitis, orbital cellulitis, otitis, traumatic injury, or surgery, particularly if the patient has a thrombophilic disease. So far, no myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases with CST have been recorded. We describe a case of CST induced by Covid-19 in a patient with MDS. Case presentation A 71-year-old woman with MDS was admitted to the hospital due to headache, weakness, diplopia, and drooping of the left eyelid. Pancytopenia was found. Left cavernous sinus thrombosis and encephalitis were also confirmed by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A thorax Computed Tomography (CT) revealed bilateral patchy ground-glass opacities consistent with Covid-19. The patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin and discharged with partial recovery. Conclusions It's important to remember that CST can occur in people with Covid-19 infection, even if they have severe thrombocytopenia like MDS

Prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis among a series of Turkish women

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy causes congenital malformations. Pregnant women should be screened for this infection since it is preventable and treatable. Aim: To study the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women living in Izmir, Turkey. Material and Methods: A blood sample was obtained from 4651 women aged between 15 and 45 years, during their first trimester of pregnancy. IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were measured using an ELISA assay. Among women with both IgG and IgM antibodies positive, an IgG avidity test was performed, using a VIDAS kit. Results: IgG antibodies were positive in 1871 (39.9%) participants. Of these, 48 (2.5%) also had positive IgM antibodies. In 41 of these 48 women, the IgG avidity test was performed and only one woman had a low avidity. This woman was treated with Spiramycin. Her offspring had an intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios. A chorioretinitis was diagnosed in the offspring of other woman with both antibodies positive. Conclusions: In this series, the prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was low. However, women with positive antibodies against Toxoplasma Gondii should be further studied and followed during their pregnancy

Cytomegalovirus and rubella seroprevalence in pregnant women in Izmir/Turkey: follow-up and results of pregnancy outcome

It is aimed to determine the Rubella and CMV prevalence in the pregnant women in Izmir and to research the effect of these infections on the course of pregnancy in the pregnant women exposed to infection during pregnancy

Low-dose CT radiomics features-based neural networks predict lymphoma types

Abstract Background Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) is preferred for pretreatment staging and treatment planning in patients with lymphoma. This study aims to train and validate the neural networks (NN) for predicting lymphoma types using low-dose CT radiomics. Results Few radiomics features were stable in intraclass correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation analysis (n = 119). High collinear ones with variance inflation factor were eliminated (n = 56). Twenty-four features were selected with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression for network training. NN had 75.76% predictive accuracy in the validation set and has 0.73 (95% CI 0.55–0.91) area under the curve (AUC) to differentiate Hodgkin lymphoma from non-Hodgkin lymphoma. NN which was used to differentiate B-cell lymphoma from T-cell lymphoma had 78.79% predictive accuracy and has 0.81 (95% CI 0.63–0.99) AUC. Conclusions In this study, in which we used low-dose CT images of PET–CT scans, predictions of the neural network were near acceptable lower bound for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma discrimination, and B-cell and T-cell lymphoma differentiation