Nivell socieconòmic i prevalença d'asma en adults joves : un anàlisi multinivell en l'European Community Respiratory Health Survey

En aquest projecte final de carrera es presenta una part d'un estudi que encara no ha estat publicat que investiga la relació entre asma i nivell socioeconòmic, és a dir, si,per exemple, són les classes socials més baixes o més pobres les que pateixen més asma. Aquest aspecte encara no havia estat tocat per l'estudi ECRHS, i altres estudis que han investigat el tema no arriben a conclusions clares. A l'IMIM estem treballant actualment en la redacció d'un article sobre això, que inclourà part de les anàlisis que es presenten en aquest projecte final de carrera però que abarcarà també una diferenciació dels diversos tipus d'asma, com per exemple l'asma al·lèrgic o el no al·lèrgic. Aquestes anàlisis addicionals no estan inclosos en aquest projecte final de carrera perquè augmentarien molt la quantitat de treball i allargarien la finalització del projecte, i a canvi no aportarien cap novetat en termes d'anàlisi ja que la metodologia que es fa servir és la mateixa però fent servir altres variables resposta

Nivell socieconòmic i prevalença d'asma en adults joves : un anàlisi multinivell en l'European Community Respiratory Health Survey

En aquest projecte final de carrera es presenta una part d'un estudi que encara no ha estat publicat que investiga la relació entre asma i nivell socioeconòmic, és a dir, si,per exemple, són les classes socials més baixes o més pobres les que pateixen més asma. Aquest aspecte encara no havia estat tocat per l'estudi ECRHS, i altres estudis que han investigat el tema no arriben a conclusions clares. A l'IMIM estem treballant actualment en la redacció d'un article sobre això, que inclourà part de les anàlisis que es presenten en aquest projecte final de carrera però que abarcarà també una diferenciació dels diversos tipus d'asma, com per exemple l'asma al·lèrgic o el no al·lèrgic. Aquestes anàlisis addicionals no estan inclosos en aquest projecte final de carrera perquè augmentarien molt la quantitat de treball i allargarien la finalització del projecte, i a canvi no aportarien cap novetat en termes d'anàlisi ja que la metodologia que es fa servir és la mateixa però fent servir altres variables resposta

Suport no presencial per l'aprenentatge de regressió lineal simple

L'objectiu final del programa és que al finalitzar l'aplicació l'usuari sigui capaç de crear els seus propis models de regressió lineal simple, que sàpiga validar-los i que en conegui les limitacions

Suport no presencial per l'aprenentatge de regressió lineal simple

L'objectiu final del programa és que al finalitzar l'aplicació l'usuari sigui capaç de crear els seus propis models de regressió lineal simple, que sàpiga validar-los i que en conegui les limitacions

Conditional poisson regression with random effects for the analysis of multi-site time series studies

The analysis of time series studies linking daily counts of a health indicator with environmental variables (e.g., mortality or hospital admissions with air pollution concentrations or temperature; or motor vehicle crashes with temperature) is usually conducted with Poisson regression models controlling for long-term and seasonal trends using temporal strata. When the study includes multiple zones, analysts usually apply a two-stage approach: first, each zone is analyzed separately, and the resulting zone-specific estimates are then combined using meta-analysis. This approach allows zone-specific control for trends. A one-stage approach uses spatio-temporal strata and could be seen as a particular case of the case–time series framework recently proposed. However, the number of strata can escalate very rapidly in a long time series with many zones. A computationally efficient alternative is to fit a conditional Poisson regression model, avoiding the estimation of the nuisance strata. To allow for zone-specific effects, we propose a conditional Poisson regression model with a random slope, although available frequentist software does not implement this model. Here, we implement our approach in the Bayesian paradigm, which also facilitates the inclusion of spatial patterns in the effect of interest. We also provide a possible extension to deal with overdispersed data. We first introduce the equations of the framework and then illustrate their application to data from a previously published study on the effects of temperature on the risk of motor vehicle crashes. We provide R code and a semi-synthetic dataset to reproduce all analyses presented.We acknowledge support from the grant CEX2018- 000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, support from Ministry of Research and Universities of the Government of Catalonia (2021 SGR 01563) and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Disentangling the effects of traffic-related noise and air pollution on blood pressure: indoor noise levels and protections

Outdoor road traffic noise levels are associated with hypertension (HT). Studies on blood pressure (BP) are inconsistent and the true indoor traffic noise exposure may differ due to protections against noise. We analysed the effects of long-term exposure to outdoor and indoor traffic noise levels on HT, systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP, mmHg), adjusting for outdoor annual average concentrations of near-road traffic-related air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, NO2) among 1926 participants (aged 36-82) from the Catalan REGICOR study. Long-term outdoor residential levels of traffic noise at night (Lnight, in A-weighted dB) and annual averages of NO2 (in µg/m3 ) were estimated at the postal addresses’ façades with a city-specific noise model and a land-use regression model, respectively. Indoor traffic noise was calculated from outdoor noise levels subtracting the attenuations in dB according to reported noise protections. Median noise levels were 56.7 dB outdoors and 27.1 dB indoors. Spearman correlations between outdoor and indoor noise with NO2 were 0.75 and 0.23, respectively. Outdoor noise was only associated with HT (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.40), whereas there was a suggestive association of indoor noise with both HT (OR=1.06, 95%CI: 0.99, 1.13) and SBP (ß=0.38, 95%CI: -0.08, 0.83) per 5 dB increase in outdoor noise levels. NO2 was also associated with both outcomes after adjustment for indoor noise. Findings for indoor traffic noise levels are more plausible than those for outdoor traffic noise. The use of indoor traffic noise estimates help to disentangle the effects from those of traffic-related air pollution.Postprint (author's final draft

Cross-sectional association between road traffic noise and hypertension in a population-based sample in Girona, Spain (REGICOR-AIR project)

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Transportation noise (in particular railway noise) and blood pressure in REGICOR compared to SAPALDIA

Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The risks of acute exposure to black carbon in Southern Europe: results from the MED-PARTICLES project

While several studies have reported associations of daily exposures to PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 µm) with mortality, few studies have examined the impact of its constituents such as black carbon (BC), which is also a significant contributor to global climate change. Methods: We assessed the association between daily concentrations of BC and total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in two southern Mediterranean cities. Daily averages of BC were collected for 2 years in Barcelona, Spain and Athens, Greece. We used case-crossover analysis and examined single and cumulative lags up to 3 days. Results: We observed associations between BC and all mortality measures. For a 3-day moving average, cardiovascular mortality increased by 4.5% (95% CI 0.7 to 8.5) and 2.0% (95% CI 0 to 4.0) for an interquartile change in BC in Athens and Barcelona, respectively. Considerably higher effects for respiratory mortality and for those above age 65 were observed. In addition, BC exhibited much greater toxicity per microgram than generic PM2.5. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that BC, derived in western industrialised nations primarily from diesel engines and biomass burning, poses a significant burden to public health, particularly in European cities with high-traffic density.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Suport no presencial per l'aprenentatge de regressió lineal simple

L'objectiu final del programa és que al finalitzar l'aplicació l'usuari sigui capaç de crear els seus propis models de regressió lineal simple, que sàpiga validar-los i que en conegui les limitacions