Pollution Abatement and Environmental Equity: A Dynamic Study

We study pollution abatement and environmental equity in a dynamic panel model using data for 236 plants in the US pulp and paper industry observed over the period 1985-1997. We suggest a theoretical model for the plant manager who incorporates regulatory pressures into his calculations of optimal amount of pollution. Assuming actual pollution abatement exhibits a sluggish adjustment process, the theoretical model leads to an empirical AR(1) panel model. We estimate our model using GMM with both ''temporally lagged'' and ''spatially lagged'' instruments. We find that children, people below the poverty line and the smallest minority races are exposed to higher levels of pollution. Our findings show no evidence of environmental inequity against African-Americans or Hispanics, and find that the neighborhoods with a higher percentage of elderly population face signicantly lower levels of pollution from the plants.pollution abatement, environmental equity, dynamic panel, instrumental variable, fixed effects

Small Sample Improvements of the GEL Robust Tests for Linear IV Models and Applications

In order to improve the small sample performance of the Generalized Empirical Likelihood Kleibergen type tests (GELK), we propose to re-weight the variance of moments matrix with GEL probabilities. Our modification improves GELK significantly by cutting the size distortion in half. Using simulations, we compare the performance of our modified tests with Kleibergen's K-test and the original GELK tests in a dynamic panel setting. As an empirical application, we use the Arellano and Bond's dynamic panel data for 140 UK firms to estimate labor demand. We compare our results with the traditionalWald test to illustrate the practical importance of using tests which are robust to weak instruments in a dynamic panel setting.GELK, weak instruments, dynamic panel, empirical likelihood

Principles of development of the transport-transit potential of the primorskiy region

Розглянуто сукупність принципів формування транзитного потенціалу приморських регіонів. Обґрунтовано інструментарій ефективного використання пропускних здібностей морських портів на основі обліку підприємницького ефекту і синергії. Обґрунтовано напрямки підвищення національної складової транзитного потенціалу торгових портів.Рассмотрена совокупность принципов формирования транзитного потенциала приморских регионов. Обосновано инструментарий эффективного использования пропускных способностей морских портов на основе учёта предпринимательского эффекта и синергии. Обоснованы направления повышения национальной составляющей транзитного потенциала торговых портов

Magnetic field concentration with coaxial silicon nanocylinders in the optical spectral range

Resonant magnetic energy accumulation is theoretically investigated in the optical and near-infrared regions. It is demonstrated that the silicon nanocylinders with and without coaxial through holes can be used for the control and manipulation of optical magnetic fields, providing up to 26-fold enhancement of these fields for the considered system. Magnetic field distributions and dependence on the parameters of nanocylinders are revealed at the wavelengths of magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances responsible for the enhancement. The obtained results can be applied, for example, to designing nanoantennas for the detection of atoms with magnetic optical transitions

Light focusing by silicon nanosphere structures under conditions of magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances

Metalens is a planar device for light focusing. In this work, we design and optimize c-Si nanosphere metalenses working on the magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances of the c-Si nanoparticle. Resonant optical response of c-Si nanostructures is simulated by the multipole decomposition method along with the zero-order Born approximation. Limitations of this approach are investigated. The obtained results of optimization are verified by simulation via the T-matrix method

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Interaction with Biological Systems

Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) have a wide range of potential application in multiplexed tissue and cell imaging, and for in vivo molecular diagnostics and therapy. Therefore studying of the toxicity of QDs and their influence on various cellular processes in vitro is necessary to understand their interaction with living systems.; The paper presents the results of studies on the evaluation of CdSe/ZnS QD cytotoxicity, as well as the results of studying their interaction with freshly prepared human monocytes in vitro. Keywords: Quantum dots, semiconductor nanocrystals, cytotoxicity, in vitro models, monocytes

Cytotoxicity of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Encoded with Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are promising carriers of drugs and diagnostic agents for designing targeted and controlled delivery systems design. The use of quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent labels in bioimaging is a promising approach to bioimaging tool development. The potential toxicity of QDs makes their applicability as fluorescent labels in vivo questionable. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of polyelectrolyte microcapsules encoded with semiconductor nanocrystals has been investigated. Keywords: Polyelectrolyte microcapsules, semiconductor nanocrystals, cytotoxicity, theranostic agents