Pollution Abatement and Environmental Equity: A Dynamic Study

We study pollution abatement and environmental equity in a dynamic panel model using data for 236 plants in the US pulp and paper industry observed over the period 1985-1997. We suggest a theoretical model for the plant manager who incorporates regulatory pressures into his calculations of optimal amount of pollution. Assuming actual pollution abatement exhibits a sluggish adjustment process, the theoretical model leads to an empirical AR(1) panel model. We estimate our model using GMM with both ''temporally lagged'' and ''spatially lagged'' instruments. We find that children, people below the poverty line and the smallest minority races are exposed to higher levels of pollution. Our findings show no evidence of environmental inequity against African-Americans or Hispanics, and find that the neighborhoods with a higher percentage of elderly population face signicantly lower levels of pollution from the plants.pollution abatement, environmental equity, dynamic panel, instrumental variable, fixed effects

Optical anapoles in nanophotonics and meta-optics

Interference of electromagnetic modes supported by subwavelength photonic structures is one of the key concepts that underpins the subwavelength control of light in meta-optics. It drives the whole realm of all-dielectric Mie-resonant nanophotonics with many applications for low-loss nanoscale optical antennas, metasurfaces, and metadevices. Specifically, interference of the electric and toroidal dipole moments results in a very peculiar, low-radiating optical state associated with the concept of optical anapole. Here, we uncover the physics of multimode interferences and multipolar interplay in nanostructures with an intriguing example of the optical anapole. We review the recently emerged field of anapole electrodynamics explicating its relevance to multipolar nanophotonics, including direct experimental observations, manifestations in nonlinear optics, and rapidly expanding applications in nanoantennas, active photonics, and metamaterials.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

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The Famous Writers on the Pages of the Provincial Newspapers in the Early 20th Century

On the material of the newspapers Kazak (Miass Plant, 1910–1913), Priuralye (Chelyabinsk, 1906–1909), Voice of the Urals (Chelyabinsk, 1906–1916) the question of the interaction of Russian and foreign writers with the editorial offices of provincial newspapers in pre-revolutionary Russia is raised, showing a significant potential of similar studies of regional press in the early XX century in the context of the national literary process and the development of global art trends.На материале газет «Казак» (Миасский завод, 1910–1913), «Приуралье» (Челябинск, 1906–1909), «Голос Приуралья» (Челябинск, 1906–1916) поставлен вопрос о взаимодействии известных отечественных и зарубежных писателей с редакциями провинциальных газет в дореволюционной России, показан значительный потенциал подобных исследований региональной прессы начала XX века в контексте национального литературного процесса и развития общемировых художественных тенденций

DID PUBLIC CASH TRANSFER CROWD OUT INTER-HOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS IN INDONESIA? EVIDENCE FROM "BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI /BLT"

In 2005 the Government of Indonesia introduced an unconditional cash transfer program called the ‘Bantuan Langsung Tunai’ (BLT), aimed at assisting poor people who were suffering from the removal of a fuel subsidy. There are concerns, however, that the introduction of a public transfer system can negatively affect inter-household transfers through the crowding-out effect, which exists when donor households reduce the amount of their transfers in line with public transfers received from the government. The poor may not therefore have received any meaningful impact from the public cash transfer, as they potentially receive fewer transfers from inter-household private donors. For the government to design a public transfer system, it is necessary to properly understand the dynamics of private transfer behaviour. Hence, this study evaluates whether there exists a crowding-out effect of public transfers on inter-household transfers in Indonesia.Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and by applying Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) and Difference-in-differences (DID) approaches, this study found that the likelihood to receive transfers from other family members (non-co-resident) reduces when the household receives BLT. However, there is no significant impact of BLT on transfers from parents and friends

Small Sample Improvements of the GEL Robust Tests for Linear IV Models and Applications

In order to improve the small sample performance of the Generalized Empirical Likelihood Kleibergen type tests (GELK), we propose to re-weight the variance of moments matrix with GEL probabilities. Our modification improves GELK significantly by cutting the size distortion in half. Using simulations, we compare the performance of our modified tests with Kleibergen's K-test and the original GELK tests in a dynamic panel setting. As an empirical application, we use the Arellano and Bond's dynamic panel data for 140 UK firms to estimate labor demand. We compare our results with the traditionalWald test to illustrate the practical importance of using tests which are robust to weak instruments in a dynamic panel setting.GELK, weak instruments, dynamic panel, empirical likelihood