Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: A cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes

Background: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, but little is known about the factors associated with this state. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the presence of prediabetes in men and women. Methods: Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study) is a prospective study on a cohort of 1184 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 subjects without glucose metabolism disorders. It is being conducted by 125 general practitioners in Spain. Data for this analysis were collected during the baseline stage in 2012. The modifiable risk factors included were: smoking habit, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, inadequate diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To assess independent association between each factor and prediabetes, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Abdominal obesity, low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of prediabetes in both men and women. After adjusting for all factors, the respective ORs (95% Confidence Intervals) were 1.98 (1.41-2.79), 1.88 (1.23-2.88) and 1.86 (1.39-2.51) for men, and 1.89 (1.36-2.62), 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.44 (1.07-1.92) for women. Also, general obesity was a risk factor in both sexes but did not reach statistical significance among men, after adjusting for all factors. Risky alcohol consumption was a risk factor for prediabetes in men, OR 1.49 (1.00-2.24). Conclusions: Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension were modifiable risk factors independently related to the presence of prediabetes in both sexes. The magnitudes of the associations were stronger for men than women. Abdominal obesity in both men and women displayed the strongest association with prediabetes. The findings suggest that there are some differences between men and women, which should be taken into account when implementing specific recommendations to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in adult population

Análisis de la oclusión de un grupo de estudiantes de Odontología

Nuestro estudio ha consistido en analizar la morfología de las arcadas y las características oclusales de 72 alumnos de la Universidad de Valencia, cuya edad oscila entre 19 y 21 años. Entre las variables estudiadas sólo encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos en "forma arcada inferior" y "posición dental": en la mujer la forma de arcada inferior predominante es la ovoidea, y en el hombre lo es la cuadrangular. En ambos sexos, la malposición es la variable predominante. Sin embargo, en hombres es la única existente, mientras que en mujeres representa el 67 por ciento de los casos. Mediante un protocolo de preguntas sobre signos de disfunción temporomandibular (DTM) averiguamos que un 40,3 por ciento de nuestros alumnos posee algún síntoma: 50 por ciento de hombres y 36,5 por ciento de mujeres tienen uno o más síntomas de DTM. De todos los síntomas señalados, los más frecuentes fueron los ruidos y el apretamiento nocturno. No existe relación alguna entre los síntomas de DTM y las interferencias oclusales, guía canina, decalaje y malposición dental