Water Softening for Municipalities

The first municipal water softening plant in the United States was put into operation on December 28, 1903, at Oberlin, Ohio. A plant was in operation in Winnipeg, Canada, at that time, but it was given up because the supply was too small and because of the scale formation in the water works system

Water Softening by Base Exchange

According to a map of the United States on which the hardness of water is shown, Iowa is one of nine states which are classed as having the hardest water. The states besides Iowa are Florida, Indiana, Illinois, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arizona. These states for the most part are the best agricultural states. The hard water, however, makes them less desirable as places of residence

Disposal of Wastes from the Beet Sugar Industry

The wastes from beet sugar manufacture include (1) beet washing water, (2) diffusion water, (3) lime sludge, (4) Steffens waste. The extracted beet pulp which might be considered a waste is dried and fed to cattle. The beet wash water can be recirculated and the sand, mud, etc., removed. The diffusion water may be treated with lime and disposed of on sand filters. The lime sludge may be settled and the precipitate used as anti-acid on land. The Steffens waste which amounts to approximately 2l0,000 gallons for 1,000 tons of beets is the most concentrated and most difficult to handle

Action of Solvents on Steffen\u27s Waste Water From the Manufacture of Beet Sugar

The Steffen\u27s process for the recovery of sugar from beet molasses consists of a cold and a hot precipitation. The molasses has a specific gravity of about 1.3 and a sucrose content of approximately 50 per cent. It is diluted with water until it has a specific gravity of about 1.05, and contains 5 to 6 per cent of sucrose. To this solution cooled to 15°C, powdered lime is added, with agitation, in the proportion of one part calcium oxide to one part sucrose. In the cold precipitation process, insoluble tri-calcium saccharate is precipitated

Purification of Water by Electro-Osmose

A new method for the purification of water was shown me in the summer of 1928 in the laboratory of Phillips and Pain in Paris, France. The process was just being developed in France. It had been discovered in Germany and was there controlled by the Elektro-Osmose, A. G. At the present time, May, 1930, it is reported that many installations are in operation in Germany and France. The International Filter Company has obtained the rights for the United States and is installing machines

Mineral Analysis of Steffen\u27s Waste from the Manufacture of Beet Sugar

The beet molasses or mother liquor from the crystallization of sugar in the beet sugar industry contains considerable sucrose due to the presence of non-sugars which affect the solubility. It has been shown that the presence of these non-sugars tends to hold more sucrose in solution than if the solution were sugar only. The separation of this residual dissolved sucrose is accomplished by the addition of lime. The insoluble precipitate, tri-calcium saccharate 3CaO.C12H22O11.4H2O is removed by filtration and converted into sugar by treatment with water and carbon dioxide and subsequent concentration. The filtrate is heated to precipitate more of the saccharate. The precipitate is removed by filtration and this final filtrate is known as Steffen\u27s Waste. It contains not more than.3 percent sucrose

Chemical and biological survey of the waters of Illinois: Report for 1909 and 1910

Director: Edward Bartow."February 6, 1911."Enumeration continues through succeeding title

Chemical and biological survey of the waters of Illinois: report for the year ending December 31, 1912

Director: Edward Bartow.Enumeration continues through succeeding title

Chemical and biological survey of the waters of Illinois: Report for year ending December 31, 1913

Enumeration continues through succeeding title

Chemical and biological survey of the waters of Illinois: Report for year ending December 31, 1908

Director: Edward Bartow."September 13, 1909."Includes bibliographical references and index