Experimental evaluation of transonic stators, data and performance report, multiple circular arc stator B

Transonic stator with multiple circular arc airfoils and minimum curvature tested over range of flow angles and velocities - stator

Experimental Evaluation of Transonic Stators, Data and Performance Report, Double Circular Arc Stator

Transonic stator with double circular arc airfoils tested over range of flow angles and velocitie

Peripheral volume measurements as indices of peripheral circulatory factors in the cardiovascular orthostatic response

Peripheral volume measurements as indices of circulatory factors in cardiovascular orthostatic respons

Study of the first paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in as prepared samples of Mn-Fe-P-Si magnetocaloric compounds prepared by different synthesis routes

International audienceMagnetocaloric materials with composition of Mn 1.3 Fe 0.65 P 0.5 Si 0.5 have been prepared by ball milling and solid-state reaction methods and consolidated using powder annealing, and conventional and spark plasma sintering. Magnetic and calorimetric measurements show remarkable differences upon first cooling, and slight differences on second and further coolings between the samples prepared by different synthesis routes. Further measurements using Hall probe imaging in high magnetic field have been also carried out. As-prepared samples have been cooled down just above the critical temperature, and the first phase transition has been induced by application of a magnetic field. Bulk samples show staircase isothermal magnetization curves whereas powders show smoother transition curves

Post-transcriptional regulation of the yeast high affinity iron transport system.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptionally regulates the expression of the plasma membrane high affinity iron transport system in response to iron need. This transport system is comprised of the products of the FET3 and FTR1 genes. We show that Fet3p and Ftr1p are post-translationally regulated by iron. Incubation of cells in high iron leads to the internalization and degradation of both Fet3p and Ftr1p. Yeast strains defective in endocytosis (Deltaend4) show a reduced iron-induced loss of Fet3p-Ftr1p. In cells with a deletion in the vacuolar protease PEP4, high iron medium leads to the accumulation of Fet3p and Ftr1p in the vacuole. Iron-induced degradation of Fet3p-Ftr1p is significantly reduced in strains containing a deletion of a gene, VTA1, which is involved in multivesicular body (MVB) sorting in yeast. Sorting through the MVB can involve ubiquitination. We demonstrate that Ftr1p is ubiquitinated, whereas Fet3p is not ubiquitinated. Iron-induced internalization and degradation of Fet3p-Ftr1p occurs in a mutant strain of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RSP5 (rsp5-1), suggesting that Rsp5p is not required. Internalization of Fet3p-Ftr1p is specific for iron and requires both an active Fet3p and Ftr1p, indicating that it is the transport of iron through the iron permease Ftr1p that is responsible for the internalization and degradation of the Fet3p-Ftr1p complex

Opportunities for the Primary Prevention of Obesity during Infancy

Are chubby babies healthy babies? Whereas most seem well during infancy, evidence is increasing that heavier babies have a poorer long-term health trajectory than their trimmer counterparts. Data have emerged over the past 2 decades that early life growth patterns and behaviors play an important role in the etiology of obesity, yet there has been very little focus on the primary prevention of obesity during infancy by the medical, behavioral health, and public health communities. A recent report from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) highlighted the need for very early intervention when it revealed that between 2003 and 2006, a staggering 24.4% of children aged 2 to 5 years already were overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI; calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared] 85th–94th and ≥95th percentiles, respectively) [1]. NHANES data also have described obesity (weight-for-length/height ≥95th percentile) among infants younger than 2 years ( Fig. 1). Between the late 1970s and 2000, the prevalence of obesity among infants 6 to 23 months old increased by more than 60% [2]. Reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System [3] and a Massachusetts Health Maintenance Organization [4] similarly showed significant increases in the prevalence of overweight for infants and toddlers for all age groups since the 1980

Reassessment and update of long-term trends in downward surface shortwave radiation over Europe (1939–2012)

This paper presents trends in downward surface shortwave radiation (SSR) over Europe, which are based on the 56 longest series available from the Global Energy Balance Archive that are mainly concentrated in central Europe. Special emphasis has been placed on both ensuring the temporal homogeneity and including the most recent years in the data set. We have generated, for the first time, composite time series for Europe covering the period 1939–2012, which have been studied by means of running trend analysis. The mean annual SSR series shows an increase from the late 1930s to the early 1950s (i.e., early brightening), followed by a reduction until mid-1980s (i.e., global dimming) and a subsequent increase up to the early 2000s (i.e., global brightening).This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 200021 135395 (“Towards an improved understanding of the Global Energy Balance: Absorption of solar radiation”) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation projects CGL2010-18546 and CGL2011-27574- CO2-02. The first author was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the “Secretaria per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement, de la Generalitat de Catalunya i del programa Cofund de les Accions Marie Curie del 7è Programa marc d’R+D de la Unió Europea” (2011 BP-B 00078) and the postdoctoral fellowship JCI-2012-12508

Translation of circRNAs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant and evolutionarily conserved RNAs of largely unknown function. Here, we show that a subset of circRNAs is translated in vivo. By performing ribosome footprinting from fly heads, we demonstrate that a group of circRNAs is associated with translating ribosomes. Many of these ribo-circRNAs use the start codon of the hosting mRNA, are bound by membrane-associated ribosomes, and have evolutionarily conserved termination codons. In addition, we found that a circRNA generated from the muscleblind locus encodes a protein, which we detected in fly head extracts by mass spectrometry. Next, by performing in vivo and in vitro translation assays, we show that UTRs of ribo-circRNAs (cUTRs) allow cap-independent translation. Moreover, we found that starvation and FOXO likely regulate the translation of a circMbl isoform. Altogether, our study provides strong evidence for translation of circRNAs, revealing the existence of an unexplored layer of gene activity

Perturbed mitochondria-ER contacts in live neurons that model the amyloid pathology of Alzheimer\u27s disease.

The use of fixed fibroblasts from familial and sporadic Alzheimer\u27s disease patients has previously indicated an upregulation of mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) as a hallmark of Alzheimer\u27s disease. Despite its potential significance, the relevance of these results is limited because they were not extended to live neurons. Here we performed a dynamic in vivo analysis of MERCs in hippocampal neurons from McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats, a model of Alzheimer\u27s disease-like amyloid pathology. Live FRET imaging of neurons from transgenic rats revealed perturbed \u27lipid-MERCs\u27 (gap width \u3c10 nm), while \u27Ca2+-MERCs\u27 (10-20 nm gap width) were unchanged. In situ TEM showed no significant differences in the lipid-MERCs:total MERCs or lipid-MERCs:mitochondria ratios; however, the average length of lipid-MERCs was significantly decreased in neurons from transgenic rats as compared to controls. In accordance with FRET results, untargeted lipidomics showed significant decreases in levels of 12 lipids and bioenergetic analysis revealed respiratory dysfunction of mitochondria from transgenic rats. Thus, our results reveal changes in MERC structures coupled with impaired mitochondrial functions in Alzheimer\u27s disease-related neurons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper