Martyrdom According to John Sobrino

This paper examines how Jon Sobrino’s definition of what constitutes a martyr has changed over the past twenty-five years. We start with an examination of how the Catholic Church views martyrdom. Sobrino begins his critique of what is a martyr in his book Companions of Jesus. At this time he has a traditional view of martyrdom and places the UCA martyrs in it following Rahner’s Challenge. At this stage, martyrdom is defined as dying because of hatred of the faith. A few years later Sobrino alters his definition in his work Jesus the Liberator to include dying because of a hatred of justice. This transition is significant because it means martyrs no longer have to die for the Church, but like the Church. At this point neither definition includes those who die as casualties from war, thus Sobrino expands what constitutes a martyr yet again. He includes those who die as a result of sins from others in his book “Where is God?”. This was his attempt to include those who die from the injustices of others because they died like Jesus. Most recently in his essay The Latin American Martyrs he has partially returned to a traditional definition of martyrdom by restating that those who die for the Church are martyrs as well as those who die like the Church. These martyred people help to guide the Church forward and Sobrino believes it is important for the Church to have martyrs even today. These deaths help to guide the Church forward and show the Church is still relevant to people’s everyday lives. This paper looks at how the events of the past 25 years have forced Jon Sobrino to alter and expand the definition of martyr to fit the injustices he has experienced in El Salvador

Effective Integration of Gamification and Learning Management Systems for Creating Gamified Learning Arrangements

[EN] This paper describes ongoing research concerning the effective development of gamified learning arrangements. It shows the necessity for more standardization of the design of such arrangements and reveals potential ways in order to support this need with the use of a domain-specific modeling language. The latter is used by lecturers for designing and exchanging models of gamified learning arrangements and provides the possibility to automatically generate a working learning management system using a language specific generator. The generated learning management system can directly be used by learners and furthermore allows to track the individual learning process for both learners and lecturers.Bartel, A.; Hagel, G.; Wolff, C. (2017). Effective Integration of Gamification and Learning Management Systems for Creating Gamified Learning Arrangements. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 679-686. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.5349OCS67968

Emendo – A Toolchain for Creating Gamified Learning Arrangements for Online Learning Settings

[EN] This contribution describes the Emendo toolchain which enables the effective creation and implementation of gamified learning arrangements for online learning settings based on the domain-specific modeling approach. The components of Emendo are a domain-specific modeling language, a generator which transforms models based on the language into source code as well as the embedding of the latter in a learning management system. Scenarios for the usage of Emendo for teaching and learning are presented with respect to the functionalities of the toolchain. In addition, a qualitative evaluation concerning Emendo’s goals, concept and insights on the results is given. The evaluation shows that Emendo reaches high acceptance for teaching purposes and can serve as a promising means for the digitisation of teaching and learning.http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Bartel, A.; Hagel, G.; Wolff, C. (2018). Emendo – A Toolchain for Creating Gamified Learning Arrangements for Online Learning Settings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 613-620. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8045OCS61362

Feedback-based Learning Through Online Feedback Systems in Higher Education

[EN] From scientific research it is known that feedback from students to lecturers can positively influence teaching and learning in higher education. This involves both responses concerning the quality of teaching and to the own learning process. In lessons with a large number of students it appears to be challenging to realize such kind of interaction in oral way with all students in class. One possible way is to use online feedback-systems. Through this, all students have the opportunity to express their opinion, requests or problems concerning the lecture in anonymous way any time. Furthermore, it allows discussing the results together in class. The paper deals with the issue of student feedback in higher education and presents an online feedback-system and its integration into the teaching process. In addition, the paper shows some empirical based experiences made with the feedback-system in three courses in a German University of Applied Sciences. It becomes visible that feedback-systems have the potential to improve the quality of teaching and make learning more interactive and student-oriented.This work is part of the EVELIN project which is supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung with the project number 01PL12022C.Figas, P.; Bartel, A.; Hagel, G. (2017). Feedback-based Learning Through Online Feedback Systems in Higher Education. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 734-742. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.5388OCS73474

Konzeption und Entwicklung eines DSM-basierten Gamification Authoring Systems zur Unterstützung hochschulischer Lehre

Vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel eine Systematisierung zu erstellen, die eine effiziente Konzeption und Implementierung von spielifizierten Lehr-Lerneinheiten für und in die Hochschullehre ermöglicht und diese Systematisierung prototypisch umzusetzen. Hierfür wird zunächst der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zu Gamification in der Hochschullehre aus inhaltlich-struktureller und motivationspsychologischer Perspektive erfasst. Darauf aufbauend wird eine Domänenanalyse durchgeführt, welche aus einer Dokumentenanalyse und Lernplattformanalyse besteht, mit dem Ziel, etablierte Domänenkonzepte zu exzerpieren. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse dienen als Basis für die Konzeption und Entwicklung einer domänenspezifischen Modellierungssprache als Teil des Domain-specific Modeling Ansatzes. Die Umsetzung weiterer Bestandteile des Ansatzes, wie einen Designer, der es erlaubt Modelle auf Basis der Sprache zu erstellen, einen Generator, der erstellte Modelle in Code transformiert, sowie ein Learning Management System, in dem die in Code vorliegenden Modelle zum Einsatz kommen, werden ebenso detailliert. Weiterhin wird eine Evaluation beschrieben, bestehend aus einer qualitativen Feldstudie und einem Abgleich von Anforderungen. Darüber hinaus werden potentielle Einsatzgebiete für die entwickelten Artefakte beispielhaft aufgezeigt

Measurement of the longitudinal and transverse cross-section in e^+e^- annihilation at sqrt(s)=35-44 GeV

An investigation of the polar angle distribution of charged hadrons is presented using data taken by the JADE experiment at the PETRA e^+e^- collider at centre-of-mass energies of 35 and 44 GeV. From fits to the polar angle distribution the longitudinal, sigma_L, and transverse, sigma_T, cross-section relative to the total hadronic are determined at an average energy scale of 36.6 GeV. The results are sigma_L/sigma_tot = 0.067 +/- 0.013, sigma_T/sigma_tot = 0.933 -/+ 0.013 where total errors are given and the results are exactly anti-correlated. Using the next-to-leading order QCD prediction for the longitudinal cross-section, the value alpha_S(36.6 GeV) = 0.150 +/- 0.025 of the strong coupling constant is obtained in agreement with the world average value of alpha_S evolved to an energy scale of 36.6 GeV.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX2e, 5 .eps-files included, pennames.sty included, submitted to Phys. Lett.

Systematic Review of Methods and Prognostic Value of Mitotic Activity. Part 1: Feline Tumors

Increased proliferation is a key driver of tumorigenesis, and quantification of mitotic activity is a standard task for prognostication. The goal of this systematic review is scholarly analysis of all available references on mitotic activity in feline tumors, and to provide an overview of the measuring methods and prognostic value. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Scopus and a manual search in Google Scholar was conducted. All articles on feline tumors that correlated mitotic activity with patient outcome were identified. Data analysis revealed that of the eligible 42 articles, the mitotic count (MC, mitotic figures per tumor area) was evaluated in 39 instances and the mitotic index (MI, mitotic figures per tumor cells) in three instances. The risk of bias was considered high for most studies (26/42, 62%) based on small study populations, insufficient details of the MC/MI methods, and lack of statistical measures for diagnostic accuracy or effect on outcome. The MC/MI methods varied markedly between studies. A significant association of the MC with survival was determined in 21/29 (72%) studies, while one study found an inverse effect. There were three tumor types with at least four studies and a prognostic association was found in 5/6 studies on mast cell tumors, 5/5 on mammary tumors and 3/4 on soft tissue sarcomas. The MI was shown to correlate with survival by two research groups, however a comparison to the MC was not conducted. An updated systematic review will be needed with of new literature for different tumor types

Pre-Ride Biomarkers and Endurance Horse Welfare: Analyzing the Impact of the Elimination of Superoxide Dismutase, δ-Aminolevulinic-Dehydratase, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Iron, and Serum Amyloid A Levels in Elite 160 km Endurance Rides

High elimination rates and concerns for horse welfare are important issues in endurance riding. Improved understanding of the causes of elimination could increase completion rates in this sport. We have identified pre-ride laboratory risk factors that enable an assessment of potential elimination before the ride. A longitudinal cohort study was performed among 49 healthy horses competing in the 160 km endurance ride at the 2016 World Championship of Endurance Riding in Samorin/Slovakia. Blood samples were taken before the event. For statistical evaluation, horses were categorized into three groups: finishers, lame horses, and metabolically eliminated horses. Risk factors were calculated for each group using multinominal logistic regression. δ-Aminolevulinic-dehydratase (ALAD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), iron, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured and did not show an impact on the race outcome, but elevated pre-ride superoxide dismutase (SOD) was shown to have an effect on lameness elimination (p = 0.011). It might serve as an indicator for withdrawing horses at risk of later elimination before endurance rides, ultimately resulting in lower elimination rates and an increase in overall horse welfare

Determinations of alpha_s using JADE data of e^+e^- Annihilations at sqrt{s} = 22 to 44 GeV

Data recorded by the JADE experiment at the PETRA e^+e^- collider were used to measure distributions of new event shape observables. The distributions were compared with resummed QCD calulations (O(alpha_s^2)+NLLA), and the strong coupling constant alpha_s was determined at \sqrt{s}= 22, 35 and 44 GeV. The results are in agreement with previous combined results of PETRA but have smaller uncertainties. Together with corresponding data from LEP, the energy dependence of alpha_s is significantly tested and is found to be in good agreement with the QCD expectation.Comment: 6 pages, uses espcrc2.sty (included) and epsfig.sty, LaTeX2e, 8 .eps-file

Patterns of Lymphocytic Infiltrates Can Differentiate Feline Hepatic Lymphoma from Lymphocytic Portal Hepatitis

Hepatic lymphoma is poorly characterized in cats and differentiating between inflammation and lymphomas is often difficult. The diagnosis of hepatic lymphoma in humans relies on recognition of specific patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates and clonality testing of antigen receptors. Herein, we defined similar patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates in hepatic biopsies of cats and correlated them with clonality to determine which patterns are predictive of lymphoma. A retrospective study was performed on surgical biopsies from 44 cats. The immunophenotype was characterized using CD3 and CD20 on all 44 samples. All 44 samples were tested using PCR for T-cell receptor gamma-gene rearrangements. PCR for immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements was performed on 24 of these cats. Four patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates were characterized: (1) tightly periportal, (2) periportal and centrilobular, (3) nodular, and (4) periportal with sinusoidal extension. Other histomorphologic features (fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, bile ductopenia, bile duct targeting, hepatic hematopoiesis, lipogranulomas, lymphonodular aggregates, other inflammatory cells) were also evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the lymphocytic patterns to diagnose lymphomas were determined using Bayesian Hui–Walter analysis (BLCM) against clonality results. Lymphocytic patterns 2, 3, and 4 accurately diagnosed hepatic lymphomas with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% (CI 95%: 0.65, 0.96) and 77% (CI 95%: 0.54, 1.00), respectively. None of the other microscopic features evaluated were predictive of a lymphoma or inflammation. Our study identified specific patterns of lymphocytic infiltration that differentiate feline hepatic lymphoma from inflammation while other histologic features were not associated with an accurate diagnosis