171 research outputs found
Radiation Heating of Primary Collimators at Ramping
A time-dependent temperature map is derived for the primary jaw of the momentum collimation system during the high transient loss period which is to occur at the beginning of the ramp of acceleration. An adequate margin factor is obtained for a loss of 5% of the nominal stored beam and for the nominal parabolic ramping curve
Magnetic phase transitions in Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers
We study thin films and magnetic tunnel junction nanopillars based on
Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers by electrical transport and
magnetometry measurements. These measurements suggest that an ultrathin
magnetic oxide layer forms at the CoFeB/MgO interface. At
approximately 160 K, the oxide undergoes a phase transition from an insulating
antiferromagnet at low temperatures to a conductive weak ferromagnet at high
temperatures. This interfacial magnetic oxide is expected to have significant
impact on the magnetic properties of CoFeB-based multilayers used in spin
torque memories
Formation of "Lightnings" in a Neutron Star Magnetosphere and the Nature of RRATs
The connection between the radio emission from "lightnings" produced by the
absorption of high-energy photons from the cosmic gamma-ray background in a
neutron star magnetosphere and radio bursts from rotating radio transients
(RRATs) is investigated. The lightning length reaches 1000 km; the lightning
radius is 100 m and is comparable to the polar cap radius. If a closed
magnetosphere is filled with a dense plasma, then lightnings are efficiently
formed only in the region of open magnetic field lines. For the radio emission
from a separate lightning to be observed, the polar cap of the neutron star
must be directed toward the observer and, at the same time, the lightning must
be formed. The maximum burst rate is related to the time of the plasma outflow
from the polar cap region. The typical interval between two consecutive bursts
is ~100 s. The width of a single radio burst can be determined both by the
width of the emission cone formed by the lightning emitting regions at some
height above the neutron star surface and by a finite lightning lifetime. The
width of the phase distribution for radio bursts from RRATs, along with the
integrated pulse width, is determined by the width of the bundle of open
magnetic field lines at the formation height of the radio emission. The results
obtained are consistent with the currently available data and are indicative of
a close connection between RRATs, intermittent pulsars, and extreme nullers.Comment: 24 pages, no figures, references update
The impact of snow cover on nutrients dynamics in Western Siberia territories
International audienc
Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ·Π»Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°
One of efficient directions for pasta press designs modernization is installation of special conical-andcylindrical inserts in the pre-matrix space and matrix wells in front of the dies having, like Venturi tubes, narrowing zones (convergent), expansion (divergent) and a cylindrical path located between them. However, rheological aspects of such method of forming tool modernizing in relation to pasta presses have not been studied, recommendations for structural elements calculation and design have not been developed. All this is a significant obstacle for using the method in engineering and industrial practice. The research purpose is to develop rheological models the pasta dough flow in the conical-cylindrical channels of convergent-divergent inserts and to evaluate with their help the impact of structural dimensions and rheological properties on resistance to pasta dough flow. Pasta dough was considered as a rheological complex nonlinearly viscous plastic material. In technical calculations contribution of shear strength was neglected and a rheological analysis was performed using the Oswald-de-Ville power law equation. Analytical dependences obtained make it possible to calculate the pressure drops in the convergent-divergent insert and its elements. Numerical modeling was performed and calculated data were obtained regarding the impact of dimensions of structural elements of the insert and rheological parameters of pasta dough on its resistance to viscous flow. The results obtained can form the basis of engineering and technological calculations in design of convergent-divergent inserts for laboratory and industrial pasta presses.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ, Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡ), ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡ) ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π». ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π°-Π΄Π΅-ΠΠΈΠ»Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
Π Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
One of efficient directions for pasta press designs modernization is installation of special conical-and-cylindrical inserts in the matrix wells in front of the dies having, like Venturi tubes, narrowing zones (convergent), expansion (divergent) and a cylindrical path located between them. However, rheological aspects of such method of forming tool modernizing in relation to pasta presses have not been studied, recommendations for structural elements calculation and design have not been developed. All this is a significant obstacle for using the method in engineering and industrial practice. The research purpose is to develop rheological models the pasta dough flow in the conical-cylindrical channels of convergent-divergent inserts and to evaluate with their help the impact of structural dimensions and rheological properties on resistance to pasta dough flow. Pasta dough was considered as a rheological complex nonlinearly viscous plastic material. In technical calculations contribution of shear strength was neglected and a rheological analysis was performed using the Oswald-de-Vila power law equation. Analytical dependences obtained make it possible to calculate the pressure drops in the convergent-divergent insert and its elements. Numerical modeling was performed and calculated data were obtained regarding the impact of dimensions of structural elements of the insert and rheological parameters of pasta dough on its resistance to viscous flow. The results obtained can form the basis of engineering and technological calculations in design of convergent-divergent inserts for laboratory and industrial matrices of pasta presses.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ- ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ, Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡ), ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡ) ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π». ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π°βΠ΄Π΅βΠΠΈΠ»Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with acromegaly
Early carbohydrate metabolism disorders (ECMDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are frequently associated with acromegaly. We aimed to assess the prevalence of ECMDs in patients with acromegaly and to compare the results with those in adults without acromegaly using two population-based epidemiologic surveys. We evaluated 97 patients with acromegaly in several phases of their disease (mean age, 56 years and estimated duration of acromegaly, 12.5 years). An oral glucose tolerance test was done in those not yet diagnosed with DM to reveal asymptomatic DM or ECMDs (impaired glucose tolerance+impaired fasting glucose). Comparisons were made between patients with acromegaly and participants from the general adult population (n=435) and an adult population with multiple type 2 diabetes risk factors (n=314), matched for gender, age and BMI. DM was diagnosed in 51 patients with acromegaly (52.5%) and 14.3% of the general population (P<0.001). The prevalence of ECMDs was also higher in patients with acromegaly than in the general population and in the high-risk group; only 22% of patients with acromegaly were normoglycaemic. The prevalence of newly diagnosed ECMDs or DM was 1.3-1.5 times higher in patients with acromegaly compared with the high-risk group. Patients with acromegaly having ECMDs or DM were older, more obese and had longer disease duration and higher IGF1 levels (Z-score). Logistic regression showed that the severity of glucose derangement was predicted by age, BMI and IGF1 levels. In patients with acromegaly, the prevalence of DM and ECMDs considerably exceeds that of the general population and of a high-risk group, and development of DM depends on age, BMI and IGF1 levels
Magnetic Field Generation in Stars
Enormous progress has been made on observing stellar magnetism in stars from
the main sequence through to compact objects. Recent data have thrown into
sharper relief the vexed question of the origin of stellar magnetic fields,
which remains one of the main unanswered questions in astrophysics. In this
chapter we review recent work in this area of research. In particular, we look
at the fossil field hypothesis which links magnetism in compact stars to
magnetism in main sequence and pre-main sequence stars and we consider why its
feasibility has now been questioned particularly in the context of highly
magnetic white dwarfs. We also review the fossil versus dynamo debate in the
context of neutron stars and the roles played by key physical processes such as
buoyancy, helicity, and superfluid turbulence,in the generation and stability
of neutron star fields.
Independent information on the internal magnetic field of neutron stars will
come from future gravitational wave detections. Thus we maybe at the dawn of a
new era of exciting discoveries in compact star magnetism driven by the opening
of a new, non-electromagnetic observational window.
We also review recent advances in the theory and computation of
magnetohydrodynamic turbulence as it applies to stellar magnetism and dynamo
theory. These advances offer insight into the action of stellar dynamos as well
as processes whichcontrol the diffusive magnetic flux transport in stars.Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures. Invited review chapter on on magnetic field
generation in stars to appear in Space Science Reviews, Springe
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