Avance al estudio de las pinturas esquemáticas de las Peñas de Cabrera. Casabermeja, Málaga

La estación de arte rupestre esquemático de las Peñas de Cabrera, se encuentra situada en el término municipal de Casabermeja, al este del mismo y muy cerca de la linde que separa a este pueblo con el de Colmenar. Su acceso es relativamente fácil, estando ubicada en el Cortijo de Cabrera (del cual toma el nombre); es un pequeño cerro de areniscas silíceas, muy duras y compactas, pertenecientes al Flysch de Colmenar

Alignment_ancient_phylogeny

Alignment of complete mitogenome sequences for ancient phylogeny (related to Figure 2

Alignment_modern_phylogeny

Alingment of mitogenome sequences for modern phylogeny (related to Supplementary Figure S5

A human lower third molar from the Acheulean site of Cueva del Ángel (Lucena, Córdoba, Spain)

Objectives: To present a new dental specimen that will provide additional evidence for a better understanding of early European Upper Pleistocene hominin morphological variability. Materials and Methods: We described the morphology of this human right lower third molar at both the outer enamel surface and the enamel–dentine junction by means of micro-computed tomography. In order to better understand hominin diversity, our morphological and metrical results were compared with those of other hominins obtained from published research. We provide a direct aspartic acid racemization dating of the molar. Results: The direct dating (104.3 ka) situates the molar within the Marine isotopic stage 5d. The crown dimensions are comparable to those of the Sima de los Huesos sample and modern humans. The combination of a continuous middle trigonid crest and a well-developed anterior fovea lies within the range of morphological variation reported for Neanderthal lower molars. The distal portion of the molar has a prominent protostylid. Discussion: Crown and root morphology of this molar fits within the Neanderthal morphological pattern. However, both its dimensions and the absence of a hypoconulid tend to position this specimen away from contemporaneous Neanderthals and rather relate it more closely to some Middle Pleistocene populations. Conclusions: A new dental specimen is added to the Iberian Peninsula fossil record from the Marine isotopic stage 5, attesting to some degree of dental variability in the early Upper Pleistocene

Data from: A Western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula

Being at the Western fringe of Europe, Iberia had a peculiar prehistory and a complex pattern of Neolithization. A few studies, all based on modern populations, reported the presence of DNA of likely African origin in this region, generally concluding it was the result of recent gene flow, probably during the Islamic period. Here we provide evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia by sequencing whole genomes from four human remains from Northern Portugal and Southern Spain dated around 4,000 years BP (from the Middle Neolithic to the Bronze Age). We found one of them to carry an unequivocal Sub-Saharan mitogenome of most likely West or West-Central African origin, never reported before in prehistoric remains outside Africa. Our analyses of ancient nuclear genomes show small but significant levels of Sub-Saharan African affinity in several ancient Iberian samples, which indicates that what we detected was not an occasional individual phenomenon, but an admixture event recognizable at the population level. We interpret this result as evidence of an early migration process from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula through a Western route, possibly across the Strait of Gibraltar