Heterotrophy as a tool to overcome the long and costly autotrophic scale-up process for large scale production of microalgae

Industrial scale-up of microalgal cultures is often a protracted step prone to culture collapse and the occurrence of unwanted contaminants. To solve this problem, a two-stage scale-up process was developed - heterotrophically Chlorella vulgaris cells grown in fermenters (1st stage) were used to directly inoculate an outdoor industrial autotrophic microalgal production unit (2nd stage). A preliminary pilot-scale trial revealed that C. vulgaris cells grown heterotrophically adapted readily to outdoor autotrophic growth conditions (1-m3 photobioreactors) without any measurable difference as compared to conventional autotrophic inocula. Biomass concentration of 174.5 g L-1, the highest value ever reported for this microalga, was achieved in a 5-L fermenter during scale-up using the heterotrophic route. Inocula grown in 0.2- and 5-m3 industrial fermenters with mean productivity of 27.54 ± 5.07 and 31.86 ± 2.87 g L-1 d-1, respectively, were later used to seed several outdoor 100-m3 tubular photobioreactors. Overall, all photobioreactor cultures seeded from the heterotrophic route reached standard protein and chlorophyll contents of 52.18 ± 1.30% of DW and 23.98 ± 1.57 mg g-1 DW, respectively. In addition to providing reproducible, high-quality inocula, this two-stage approach led to a 5-fold and 12-fold decrease in scale-up time and occupancy area used for industrial scale-up, respectively.Agência financiadora project FERMALG 017608 Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) UID/Multi/04326/2019 project FERMALG (AVISO) 32/SI/2015info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Conteúdo de física exigido nas provas de vestibular

Neste trabalho buscamos identificar quais os conteúdos de Física que fazem parte do programa de Ensino Médioe quais são efetivamente cobrados nas provas de acesso ao Ensino Superior nas principais universidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas as provas de Física das cinco universidades mais procuradas nos exames de vestibular do estado entre os anos de 2003 a 2007. Os resultados obtidos nos permitiram detectar uma maior tendência à escolha de questões de Mecânica nessas provas

Ocorrência de pragas e inimigos naturais em arroz irrigado em Igreja Nova - Alagoas.

Considerando a importância do cultivo de arroz irrigado na região e a necessidade de conhecer os artrópodes associados a essa cultura em Alagoas, objetivou-se com esse trabalho identificar as pragas e inimigos naturais inerentes a essa cultura no município de Igreja Nova, AL

Qualidade de uvas e do mosto de videiras Syrah submetidas à adubação orgânica e fertirrigação potássica: 2º ciclo de produção.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da adubação orgânica e da fertirrigação potássica nas características de qualidade de uvas e do mosto de videiras Syrah cultivadas no Submédio Vale do São Francisco

Flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with a hybrid CFRP solution

An experimental program was carried out for assessing the performance of a hybrid solution composed by CFRP systems for the simultaneous flexural and shear strengthening of RC beams. CFRP laminates, applied according to NSM technique, are used for the flexural strengthening, while U‐shape CFRP discrete strips of wet lay‐up sheet, applied according to the EBR technique, are adopted for the shear strengthening. An anchorage system was applied at the extremities of these CFRP strips in an attempt of avoiding their premature debonding. The experimental results showed the hybrid strengthening solution is very effective, not only in terms of increasing the load carrying capacity of the beams, but also in assuring higher mobilization of the tensile capacity of the CFRP. The performance of the hybrid CFRP configuration that included the anchorage system for the shear strengthening was significantly higher than the one assured by other shear strengthening solutions that were applied in similar RC beams and tested until failure using the same test system adopted in this experimental program. The predictive performance of the ACI formulations proposed for estimating the contribution of CFRP systems for the flexural and shear resistance of RC beams was appraised considering the obtained experimental results.This work was supported by FEDER funds through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors ‐ COMPETE and National Funds through FCT ‐ Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project Spaflamis POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐030956. The authors also acknowledges the support provided by the S&P® and “Empreiteiros Casais”

KINEMATIC COMPARISON BETWEEN ATHLETES FROM THE INTERNATIONAL AND THE WORLD TAEKWONDO FEDERATIONS IN THE ROUNDHOUSE KICK

Taekwondo (TKD) is a combat sport organized by two main federations: International TKD (ITF) and the World TKD (WTF). The present study analyzed the kinematic differences in roundhouse kick performed by ITF and WTF athletes. Seventeen athletes participated in the study (8 ITF; 9 WTF). DVideo system was used to reconstruct the 3D coordinates of sixteen markers. Pelvis and hips angles and angular velocities were used to compare the groups. The results highlight two kick strategies to hit the target. WTF athletes performed the kick with increased pelvis left rotation while ITF used increased pelvis anteversion, hip flexion and abduction on supporting leg. These differences should be considered for adaptation of rules and training