ENSINO DOMICILIAR COMO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À EDUCAÇÃO: O HOMESCHOOLING À LUZ DO PROJETO DE LEI N.º 2401/2019

A regulamentação do homeschooling no Brasil é tema que vem ganhando relevo, notadamente, diante das controvérsias que relacionam a modalidade pedagógica com eventuais dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem e socialização do público infanto-juvenil. A despeito do que se argumente, o ensino domiciliar encontra suporte constitucional, supra e infralegal no ordenamento jurídico do país e depois de diversas iniciativas de propostas para regulamentá-lo, há grandes chances de que o Projeto de Lei n.º 2.401/2019 influencie sobremaneira no relatório final a ser apresentado pela relatora do projeto. O estudo objetiva analisar a regulamentação do ensino domiciliar no Brasil sob a ótica da Avaliação de Impacto Legislativo (AIL). Buscar-se-á verificar, portanto, se o Projeto de Lei n.º 2.401/2019 é uma intervenção adequada ou inadequada do Estado na sociedade e, ainda, se essa interferência está fundamentada numa demanda ou num problema concreto dos cidadãos

ENSINO DOMICILIAR COMO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À EDUCAÇÃO: O HOMESCHOOLING À LUZ DO PROJETO DE LEI N.º 2401/2019

A regulamentação do homeschooling no Brasil é tema que vem ganhando relevo, notadamente, diante das controvérsias que relacionam a modalidade pedagógica com eventuais dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem e socialização do público infanto-juvenil. A despeito do que se argumente, o ensino domiciliar encontra suporte constitucional, supra e infralegal no ordenamento jurídico do país e depois de diversas iniciativas de propostas para regulamentá-lo, há grandes chances de que o Projeto de Lei n.º 2.401/2019 influencie sobremaneira no relatório final a ser apresentado pela relatora do projeto. O estudo objetiva analisar a regulamentação do ensino domiciliar no Brasil sob a ótica da Avaliação de Impacto Legislativo (AIL). Buscar-se-á verificar, portanto, se o Projeto de Lei n.º 2.401/2019 é uma intervenção adequada ou inadequada do Estado na sociedade e, ainda, se essa interferência está fundamentada numa demanda ou num problema concreto dos cidadãos

PANDEMIA E PSICOLOGIA - ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DA COVID-19 NA SAÚDE MENTAL DOS TRABALHADORES DA SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals with comorbidities and examine the need for booster doses to maintain immunity, especially in the face of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.   Methods: A bibliographic review of the literature, including observational studies and randomized clinical trials, reporting vaccine efficacy in populations with comorbidities, using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE.   Results: mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus vaccines showed variations in efficacy in individuals with chronic conditions. Administering booster doses was crucial to sustain immunity and enhance protection, especially against variants like Delta and Omicron. Anxiety was one of the most common problems among HCWs, with prevalence ranging from 37% to 41.42%. Depression, PTSD, insomnia, and burnout were also prevalent. Risk factors included female gender, young age, working in ICUs, long working hours, and direct contact with COVID-19 patients.   Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Adaptive vaccination strategies, prioritizing booster doses and evidence-based public health policies, are essential to protect vulnerable populations and mitigate the impacts of COVID-19. Implementing wellness programs, psychological counseling, resilience training, and social and organizational support proved effective in reducing the negative impacts on HCWs' mental health. Policies and practices must be developed to address HCWs' mental health needs, ensuring a safe and supportive work environment.Objetivos: Analisar o impacto da COVID-19 na saúde mental dos trabalhadores da saúde (HCWs), identificando prevalência de problemas como ansiedade, depressão, PTSD, burnout, estresse agudo e distúrbios do sono, e avaliando fatores de vulnerabilidade e intervenções eficazes. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica em bases como PubMed e Web of Science, incluindo estudos em inglês sobre a saúde mental dos HCWs. Foram utilizados critérios de inclusão e exclusão para selecionar estudos relevantes, e a extração de dados foi feita de forma não sistemática, focando na síntese qualitativa das informações. Resultados: Os estudos revisados indicam uma alta prevalência de problemas de saúde mental entre os HCWs durante a pandemia, com taxas de ansiedade variando de 37% a 41.42%, depressão de 36% a 39%, PTSD de até 38% entre enfermeiros e 31% entre médicos, e burnout de 45.6%. Fatores de risco incluem gênero feminino, idade jovem, trabalho em unidades de tratamento intensivo, longas horas de trabalho e contato direto com pacientes COVID-19. Intervenções eficazes incluem programas de bem-estar, aconselhamento psicológico, treinamentos de resiliência e suporte social e organizacional. Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID-19 teve um impacto profundo na saúde mental dos HCWs. A alta prevalência de problemas como ansiedade, depressão, PTSD, insônia e burnout destaca a necessidade de intervenções eficazes. Programas de bem-estar, aconselhamento psicológico e suporte social são essenciais para mitigar esses impactos. As instituições de saúde devem investir em recursos e programas de apoio à saúde mental para assegurar que os HCWs possam continuar a prestar cuidados de alta qualidade sem comprometer seu próprio bem-estar. Políticas e práticas devem ser desenvolvidas para abordar as necessidades de saúde mental desses profissionais, garantindo o suporte necessário para enfrentar crises atuais e futuras

EFICÁCIA DAS VACINAS CONTRA A COVID-19 EM POPULAÇÕES COM COMORBIDADES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals with comorbidities and examine the need for booster doses to maintain immunity, especially in the face of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.  Methods: Systematic review of the literature, including observational studies and randomized clinical trials that reported vaccine efficacy in populations with comorbidities, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.  Results: mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus vaccines showed variations in efficacy in individuals with chronic conditions. The administration of booster doses was crucial to sustaining immunity and enhancing protection, particularly against variants such as Delta and Omicron.  Conclusion: Adaptive vaccination strategies, prioritizing booster doses and evidence-based public health policies, are essential to protect vulnerable populations and mitigate the impacts of COVID-19. A multifaceted approach and ongoing research are vital to ensure an effective response to the pandemic.Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia das vacinas contra a COVID-19 em indivíduos com comorbidades e examinar a necessidade de doses de reforço para manter a imunidade, especialmente diante das variantes emergentes do SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura com inclusão de estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos randomizados que relataram a eficácia vacinal em populações com comorbidades, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Resultados: As vacinas de mRNA, vetor viral e vírus inativado demonstraram variações na eficácia em indivíduos com condições crônicas. A administração de doses de reforço mostrou-se crucial para sustentar a imunidade e aumentar a proteção, especialmente contra variantes como Delta e Omicron. Conclusão: Estratégias de vacinação adaptativas, priorizando doses de reforço e políticas de saúde pública baseadas em evidências, são essenciais para proteger populações vulneráveis e mitigar os impactos da COVID-19. A abordagem multifacetada e a pesquisa contínua são vitais para garantir uma resposta eficaz à pandemia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others