LA FIGURA DEL EDUCADOR SOCIAL

At the moment we are attending the origin of new social, cultural and demographic situations that they make sprout in the professionals of the education new concerns of attention and formative development. In this article reference is made to diverse characteristic that can characterize one of these professionals: the social educator.Actualmente estamos asistiendo al origen de nuevas situaciones sociales, culturales y demográficas que hacen brotar en los profesionales de la educación nuevas preocupaciones de atención y desarrollo formativo. En este artículo se hace referencia a diversas características que pueden caracterizar a uno de estos profesionales: el educador social

La figura del educador social

Actualmente estamos asistiendo al origen de nuevas situaciones sociales, culturales y demográficas que hacen brotar en los profesionales de la educación nuevas preocupaciones de atención y desarrollo formativo. En este artículo se hace referencia a diversas características que pueden caracterizar a uno de estos profesionales: el educador social.Facultad de Educación y Humanidades - Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada

Dimensiones, rasgos y relaciones del líder y su grupo: liderazgo versus autonomía

Los tiempos actuales llevan a ver al jefe como un igual, inclusive a criticarlo y desafiarlo. En años pasados el jefe contaba con apoyo y respeto y se le veía como un superior; ahora el jefe debe contar con la habilidad para manejar situaciones y tratar a sus “empleados” adecuadamente para ganarse así su obediencia y lealtad, éste es un mérito que sólo puede obtener el que es líder. En este artículo vamos a intentar hacer un breve recorrido por las distintas dimensiones y tipos de liderazgo, los rasgos personales que caracterizan a un líder y las relaciones entre el líder y su grupo.The current times lead to see the boss like an equal, inclusive to criticize it and challenge it. In last years the boss had support and respect and saw you like a superior; now the boss should have the ability in order to manage situations and try to their “employees” appropriately in order to earn their obedience and loyalty so, this is a merit that could only obtain the one that it is leader. We in this article are going to attempt make a brief journey for the different dimension and types of leadership, the common personnels that characterize a leader and the relationships between the leader and their group.Facultad de Educación y Humanidades - Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada

DIMENSIONES, RASGOS Y RELACIONES DEL LÍDER Y SU GRUPO: LIDERAZGO VERSUS AUTONOMÍA

The current times lead to see the boss like an equal, inclusive to criticize it and challenge it. In last years the boss had support and respect and saw you like a superior; now the boss should have the ability in order to manage situations and try to their “employees” appropriately in order to earn their obedience and loyalty so, this is a merit that could only obtain the one that it is leader. We in this article are going to attempt make a brief journey for the different dimension and types of leadership, the common personnels that characterize a leader and the relationships between the leader and their group.Los tiempos actuales llevan a ver al jefe como un igual, inclusive a criticarlo y desafiarlo. En años pasados el jefe contaba con apoyo y respeto y se le veía como un superior; ahora el jefe debe contar con la habilidad para manejar situaciones y tratar a sus “empleados” adecuadamente para ganarse así su obediencia y lealtad, éste es un mérito que sólo puede obtener el que es líder. En este artículo vamos a intentar hacer un breve recorrido por las distintas dimensiones y tipos de liderazgo, los rasgos personales que caracterizan a un líder y las relaciones entre el líder y su grupo

Effects of Competitive ELISA-Positive Results of Piroplasmosis on the Performance of Endurance Horses

Endurance is an increasingly popular equestrian sport. However, in southern Europe, there is a high prevalence of horses that are asymptomatic carriers of equine piroplasmosis (EP), a tick-borne disease that could affect their performance. This study aimed to evaluate the impact and influence of EP on the performance of endurance horses. Blood samples were collected from 40 horses in Extremadura, Spain, before and after a race, in different national elite horse endurance competitions. Hematological and biochemical parameters and EP seroprevalence were analysed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The global seroprevalence of EP was 70%, with 27 horses testing positive for Theileria equi (67.5%) and three (7.5%) for Babesia caballi, with two of these horses (5%) positive for both. Approximately 82.5% of the horses (33 of 40) completed the competition, with no influence on performance or position achieved in those with subclinical parasitosis. There were also no significant differences in hematological or biochemical values between seropositive and seronegative horses. The data suggest that horses without clinical signs of EP can participate without performance impairment in competitions of up to 80 km. Although it is recommended that longer distance competitions should be further evaluated, this is the first step for decision-making by organizers and participants in this sport

West Nile and Usutu virus infections in wild birds admitted to rehabilitation centres in Extremadura, western Spain, 2017-2019

10 Pág. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted generally by mosquitoes of Culex genus. It is maintained in an enzootic life cycle where birds act as reservoir hosts. Humans and horses are also susceptible to infection, and occasionally, they suffer from neurological complications. However, they do not transmit the virus to other vectors, behaving as dead-end hosts. Sporadic WNV outbreaks observed in horses and wild birds from Extremadura (western Spain) during 2016 and 2017 seasons prompted to carry out this survey in wild birds, focused on specimens coming from two wildlife rehabilitation centres. Between October 2017 and December 2019, samples from 391 wild birds, belonging to 56 different species were collected and analysed in search of evidence of WNV infection. The analysis of serum samples for WNV-specific antibodies by ELISA, whose specificity was subsequently confirmed by virus-neutralisation test (VNT) showed positive results in 18.23 % birds belonging to 18 different species. Pelecaniformes (33.33 %), Accipitriformes (25.77 %) and Strigiformes (22.92 %) orders had the higher seroprevalences. Remarkably, WNV-specific antibodies were found in a black stork for the first time in Europe. Analysis by real time RT-PCR in symptomatic birds confirmed the presence of WNV lineage 1 RNA in griffon vulture and little owls. Specificity analysis of ELISA positive and doubtful sera was performed by differential VNT titration against WNV and two other cross-reacting avian flaviviruses found in Spain: Usutu virus (USUV) and Bagaza virus (BAGV). Only four samples showed USUV-specific antibodies (1.04 %) corresponding to three species: Eurasian eagle-owl, griffon vulture and great bustard (first detection in Europe) whereas no samples were found reactive to BAGV. Differential VNT yielded undetermined flavivirus result in 16 samples (4.17 %). This is the first study carried out on wild birds from Extremadura (western Spain). It highlights the widespread circulation of WNV in the region and its co-circulation with USUV.Research funded by Consejería de Economía e Infraestructura of the Junta de Extremadura and the European Regional Development Fund, a Way to Make Europe, through the research project (grant numbers IB16135 and GR18148) and the National Institute for Agricultural and food Research and Technology (INIA-CISA) (grant number E-RTA2015-00002-C02-00)Peer reviewe

Serological evidence of co-circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in equids from western Spain

13 Pág. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne emerging virus in Europe with capacity to cause neurological complications such as encephalitis or meningoencephalitis in humans, birds or equids. In Spain, WNV is actively circulating in mosquitoes, birds and horses in different regions, but never has been deeply studied in Extremadura. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV in equids of those areas and to analyse the risk factors associated with exposure to the virus. A total of 199 out of 725 equids presented antibodies against WNV by competition ELISA (27.45%), while 22 were doubtful (3.03%). Anti-WNV IgM antibodies were detected in 16 equids (2.21%), and 3 animals were doubtful (0.41%). All ELISA-reactive positive/doubtful sera (N = 226) were further tested by micro-virus neutralization test (VNT), and a total of 143 horses were confirmed as positive for WNV, obtaining a seroprevalence of 19.72% in equids of western Spain. In addition, specific antibodies against USUV were confirmed in 11 equids. In 24 equids, a specific flavivirus species (detected by ELISA test) could not be determined. The generalized linear mixed-effects models showed that the significant risk factors associated with individual WNV infection in equids were the age (adults) and hair coat colour (light), whereas in USUV infections, it was the breed (pure). Data demonstrated that WNV and USUV are circulating in regions of western Spain. Given the high WNV seroprevalence found in equids from the studied areas, it is important to improve the surveillance programmes of public health to detect undiagnosed human cases and to establish a vaccination programme in equid herds in these regions.This research was supported financially by grant IB16135 funded by the Regional Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure, Extremadura Government and the European Regional Development Fund ‘A way to make Europe’ and grant E-RTA2015-00002-C02-00 funded by INIA. FG is supported by Ayudas a la Formación Investigador Predoctoral 2018 Formation contract (PD18056) from the Extremadura Government. PAS is funded by a FPI predoctoral fellowship from INIA. MF is currently funded by a Juan de la Cierva 2017 Formación contract (FJCI-2017-34394) from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.Peer reviewe

Los caballos sacrificados del yacimiento tartésico de Casas del Turuñuelo (Guareña, Badajoz): un estudio multidisciplinar

Los primeros caballos domésticos aparecieron en las estepas euroasiáticas hace unos 5000 años. Desde entonces y a lo largo de la historia reciente de la humanidad, el caballo ha servido para multitud de tareas. Entender de qué manera las distintas sociedades sacaron provecho de este animal y de sus parientes más cercanos (asnos y sus híbridos, las mulas y burdéganos), permite conocer de manera directa el grado de complejidad tecnológica y social de esas sociedades concretas (Fages et al. 2019). La Edad del Hierro fue una etapa de especial importancia en la península ibérica, debido a que las poblaciones autóctonas recibieron influencias de otros pueblos procedentes de distintas zonas del Mediterráneo y de la fachada atlántica de Europa. Además, para estas sociedades peninsulares, el caballo fue un animal singular que fue utilizado para distintas finalidades: transporte, conflictos bélicos, como símbolo de poder y prestigio social y más esporádicamente, como fuente de alimento. De hecho, algunos autores han definido al caballo como el animal protagonista de la Edad del Hierro, debido a su presencia y sus implicaciones en la ritualidad de distintas zonas del Mediterráneo antiguo, incluida la península ibérica. La importancia de este animal fue tal, que se ha propuesto al caballo como el mejor indicador para conocer la evolución de los cambios socioeconómicos ocurridos desde la Edad del Bronce hasta la época romana. Durante los últimos años, nuestro conocimiento sobre la Primera Edad del Hierro del valle medio del río Guadiana se ha visto incrementado gracias al estudio de su poblamiento y al hallazgo del yacimiento tartésico de Casas del Turuñuelo (Guareña, Badajoz). El estado de conservación del edificio y los materiales que lo acompañan permiten considerarlo uno de los yacimientos arqueológicos más relevantes de la Protohistoria mediterránea. Las razones son numerosas, pero se pueden resumir en tres conceptos principales: 1) la documentación de unas estructuras arquitectónicas inéditas para la época, 2) la recuperación de ricos materiales arqueológicos procedentes de diversas partes del Mediterráneo y 3) la presencia de un sacrifico numeroso de animales o hecatombe, relacionado claramente con un acto de carácter ritual. Además, y para mayor espectacularidad de este hallazgo, la mayoría de estos animales son équidos. Este descubrimiento ha supuesto un catalizador para que alrededor del Turuñuelo y de sus équidos sacrificados, se haya formado un equipo multidisciplinar de arqueólogos, arqueozoólogos, veterinarios y biólogos especialistas en ADN antiguo, con unos objetivos concretos: reunir toda la información posible de estos équidos y con ella, conocer mejor a la sociedad tartésica que los sacrificó.Esta investigación se está desarrollando en el marco de los siguientes proyectos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura: 1. “Estudio de la hecatombe animal del yacimiento de Casas del Turuñuelo (Guareña, Badajoz). La gestión de la cabaña ganadera y sus implicaciones socioeconómicas y rituales en época tartésica”, IB10131 con Sebastián Celestino Pérez como Investigador Principal. 2. “Iberia a través de sus caballos: Estudio integral de la diversidad genética, enfermedades infecciosas y paleopatologías de los caballos extremeños de la Edad del Hierro”, IB18060 con Joaquín Jiménez Fragoso como Investigador Principal.Peer reviewe